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| author | muqiuhan <[email protected]> | 2025-10-24 06:14:33 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | muqiuhan <[email protected]> | 2025-10-24 06:14:33 +0000 |
| commit | 673cbdcdb33b63edb2527ba669f29c2d4e9f04d9 (patch) | |
| tree | 1d6b21f383f2188a203920030d3b8d7c3fc00271 | |
| parent | 4c065459528e234ffbd78e16d30749b3de59f8d5 (diff) | |
| download | blog-673cbdcdb33b63edb2527ba669f29c2d4e9f04d9.tar.gz | |
deploy: 0ea09134e4b59342904b8871a053d6422c774c39
26 files changed, 760 insertions, 356 deletions
diff --git a/2025/10/19/Gram-stain/index.html b/2025/10/19/Gram-stain/index.html index 12cb2808..40f52dba 100644 --- a/2025/10/19/Gram-stain/index.html +++ b/2025/10/19/Gram-stain/index.html @@ -210,6 +210,11 @@ <nav class="post-nav"> <div class="prev-item"> + <div class="icon arrow-left"></div> + <div class="post-link"> + <a href="/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/">Prev</a> + </div> + </div> <div class="next-item"> diff --git a/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/index.html b/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..38448d13 --- /dev/null +++ b/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + <head> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> +<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> +<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> + + <meta name="author" content="韩暮秋"> + + + <meta 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<div class="post-head"> + <div class="post-info"> + <div class="tag-list"> + + + <span class="post-tag"> + <a href="/tags/Medicine/"> + Medicine + </a> + </span> + + + </div> + <div class="post-title"> + + + 中性粒细胞连你一起干 + + + </div> + <span class="post-date"> + Oct 24, 2025 + </span> + </div> + <div class="post-img"> + + <div class="h-line-primary"></div> + + </div> +</div> + <div class="post-content"> + <p>中性粒细胞作为人体先天免疫系统中最丰富的白细胞亚型,约占循环白细胞总数的50-70%,其核心功能在于快速响应感染和炎症信号,从而维持组织稳态和防御外来入侵者。但其在高效杀灭病原体却可能释放有毒物质,这源于其进化设计:在急性感染中,这些物质针对性破坏微生物,而在慢性疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)中,过度激活则可能加剧组织损伤。</p> +<p>中性粒细胞的主要作用体现在免疫防御和炎症调控上。</p> +<p>首先,它们通过趋化因子(如IL-8、LTB4)和黏附分子(如整合素)从骨髓快速募集到感染或损伤部位,寿命通常仅为数小时至几天,却能高效执行任务。</p> +<p>其次,它们通过吞噬作用(phagocytosis)摄取细菌、真菌或其他病原体,并在吞噬体-溶酶体融合后释放颗粒内容物杀死目标。这种颗粒包括原初颗粒(azurophilic granules,富含髓过氧化物酶和防御素)、次级颗粒(specific granules,含乳铁蛋白和胶原酶)以及三级颗粒(gelatinase granules,含明胶酶)。</p> +<p>中性粒细胞还能形成中性粒细胞外陷阱(NETs),一种DNA-蛋白复合网状结构,用于捕获和杀死大颗粒病原体,如某些细菌或寄生虫。这些机制确保了中性粒细胞在急性炎症中的“第一响应者”角色,例如在肺炎或创伤中,它们能限制感染扩散,防止系统性败血症。</p> +<p>但中性粒细胞释放的许多物质本质上是有毒的,这是其杀菌机制的核心,为了高效消灭病原体,它们必须产生非特异性破坏性工具。</p> +<p>这些毒性物质主要包括活性氧簇(ROS,如超氧化物和过氧化氢,由NADPH氧化酶产生)、反应性氮中间体(RNI)、蛋白水解酶(如弹性蛋白酶、胶原酶和MMP-9,即基质金属蛋白酶-9)以及阳离子蛋白(如防御素和细菌素)。</p> +<p>ROS通过氧化损伤病原体DNA和蛋白质,RNI则干扰微生物代谢,而蛋白酶则降解细胞壁或外膜。</p> +<p>在正常生理条件下,这些释放是局部的、短暂的,受调控以最小化对宿主组织的损伤(例如,通过抗氧化酶(如超氧化物歧化酶)或蛋白酶抑制剂(如α1-抗胰蛋白酶)来平衡。)</p> +<p>但当激活信号持续存在时,如在慢性炎症环境中,中性粒细胞会过度募集和脱颗粒,导致毒性物质外溢,引发旁观者效应(bystander damage),损伤邻近健康细胞和基质。</p> +<p>在COPD这一慢性气道炎症疾病中,中性粒细胞的作用被放大为病理驱动因素。</p> +<p>COPD患者常伴随吸烟或环境暴露诱发的氧化应激,导致气道上皮释放大量趋化因子(如CXCL8/IL-8和LTB4,脂氧合酶途径产物),从而持续募集中性粒细胞。</p> +<p>这些细胞在肺泡和支气管黏膜定植后,释放MMP-9(促进基质降解和气道重构)、弹性蛋白酶(破坏弹性纤维,导致肺气肿)和LTB4(进一步放大炎症级联)。</p> +<p>而 PDE4(磷酸二酯酶4)能够降解cAMP(环腺苷酸),从而增强中性粒细胞的趋化、脱颗粒和ROS产生。</p> +<p>所以临床上,PDE4 抑制剂如罗氟司特(roflumilast)被批准用于重度COPD,以降低中性粒细胞介导的炎症,减少急性加重风险。</p> +<p>同时,B细胞和T细胞的交互可间接放大中性粒细胞响应,而MMP-9的升高则与COPD进展相关,血清水平可作为生物标志物监测疾病严重度。</p> +<p>总体而言,在COPD中,中性粒细胞从毒性释放加剧了气道阻塞、肺功能下降和共病风险,如心血管事件。</p> + +</div> + +<script> + window.onload = detectors(); +</script> + <div class="post-footer"> + <div class="h-line-primary"></div> + <nav class="post-nav"> + <div class="prev-item"> + + </div> + <div class="next-item"> + + <div class="icon arrow-right"></div> + <div class="post-link"> + <a href="/2025/10/19/Gram-stain/">Next</a> + </div> + + </div> + </nav> +</div> + + + <div class="post-comment"> + + + + + + + +</div> + + +</article> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="footer"> + <div class="flex-container"> + <div class="footer-text"> + + + 韩暮秋 | + + + 希望路过的人可以添点柴火让这里暖和点 + + </div> + </div> +</div> + + </div> + + + <div class="search-popup"> + <div class="search-popup-overlay"> + </div> + <div class="search-popup-window" > + <div class="search-header"> + <div class="search-input-container"> + <input autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" maxlength="80" + placeholder="Search Anything" spellcheck="false" + type="search" 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href="/2025/10/19/Gram-stain/"> 什么是 G⁺ diff --git a/archives/2025/index.html b/archives/2025/index.html index acb8c678..91165357 100644 --- a/archives/2025/index.html +++ b/archives/2025/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/"> + + 中性粒细胞连你一起干 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Oct 24, 2025</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2025/10/19/Gram-stain/"> 什么是 G⁺ @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2025/07/11/rep-date/"> - - 除权除息日,股价调整与分红 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Jul 11, 2025</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/2025/page/2/index.html b/archives/2025/page/2/index.html index e20112fd..50a66121 100644 --- a/archives/2025/page/2/index.html +++ b/archives/2025/page/2/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2025/07/11/rep-date/"> + + 除权除息日,股价调整与分红 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Jul 11, 2025</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2025/07/08/dadgad/"> DADGAD 定弦 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/"> - - UUID v7 是如何加快 RDBMS 索引速度的 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Apr 13, 2025</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/2025/page/3/index.html b/archives/2025/page/3/index.html index 78bf3ede..029fc7c1 100644 --- a/archives/2025/page/3/index.html +++ b/archives/2025/page/3/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/"> + + UUID v7 是如何加快 RDBMS 索引速度的 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Apr 13, 2025</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2025/04/03/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5/"> 二〇二五年四月三日 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2025/03/14/DDD-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-Ubiquitous-Languages/"> - - DDD 中的 Ubiquitous Language - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Mar 14, 2025</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/2025/page/4/index.html b/archives/2025/page/4/index.html index 93240375..821f84b1 100644 --- a/archives/2025/page/4/index.html +++ b/archives/2025/page/4/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2025/03/14/DDD-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-Ubiquitous-Languages/"> + + DDD 中的 Ubiquitous Language + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Mar 14, 2025</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2025/03/13/%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E6%A0%B9%E2%80%9D/"> 领域驱动设计中的“聚合根” diff --git a/archives/index.html b/archives/index.html index fa3ef13f..6ac3b057 100644 --- a/archives/index.html +++ b/archives/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/"> + + 中性粒细胞连你一起干 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Oct 24, 2025</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2025/10/19/Gram-stain/"> 什么是 G⁺ @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2025/07/11/rep-date/"> - - 除权除息日,股价调整与分红 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Jul 11, 2025</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/10/index.html b/archives/page/10/index.html index d1d1a6f9..2e60e9fe 100644 --- a/archives/page/10/index.html +++ b/archives/page/10/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2023/10/21/OCaml-Core-Int-pow-%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0/"> + + OCaml Core.Int.pow 的实现 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Oct 21, 2023</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2023/10/13/%E8%82%9D%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E5%8C%96%E9%AA%8C%E5%8D%95/"> 肝功能检查化验单阅读指南 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2023/08/15/poll-error-attribute-in-OCaml/"> - - 使用 [@poll error] 实现线程安全的数据结构 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Aug 15, 2023</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/11/index.html b/archives/page/11/index.html index 2c7d79e8..5c5c3214 100644 --- a/archives/page/11/index.html +++ b/archives/page/11/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2023/08/15/poll-error-attribute-in-OCaml/"> + + 使用 [@poll error] 实现线程安全的数据结构 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Aug 15, 2023</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2023/08/01/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/"> 二〇二三年八月一日 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2023/05/24/Rust-%E9%97%AD%E5%8C%85-lifetime-may-not-live-long-enough-%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/"> - - Rust 闭包 lifetime may not live long enough 问题 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">May 24, 2023</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/12/index.html b/archives/page/12/index.html index 9f1a45b6..450d74dd 100644 --- a/archives/page/12/index.html +++ b/archives/page/12/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2023/05/24/Rust-%E9%97%AD%E5%8C%85-lifetime-may-not-live-long-enough-%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/"> + + Rust 闭包 lifetime may not live long enough 问题 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">May 24, 2023</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2023/05/03/Rust-NewType-%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/"> Rust NewType 模式 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2023/03/05/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%96%E9%9F%A6/"> - - 奥司他韦 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Mar 5, 2023</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/13/index.html b/archives/page/13/index.html index 7af25176..a93d110f 100644 --- a/archives/page/13/index.html +++ b/archives/page/13/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2023/03/05/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%96%E9%9F%A6/"> + + 奥司他韦 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Mar 5, 2023</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2023/03/04/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%95%A5/"> 金匮要略 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2023/01/21/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/"> - - 二零二三年一月二十一日 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Jan 21, 2023</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/14/index.html b/archives/page/14/index.html index b091a0c7..8ef8f779 100644 --- a/archives/page/14/index.html +++ b/archives/page/14/index.html @@ -165,6 +165,26 @@ + <div class="year-title">2023</div> + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2023/01/21/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/"> + + 二零二三年一月二十一日 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Jan 21, 2023</span> + </div> + + + + + + <div class="year-title">2022</div> @@ -327,24 +347,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2021/02/16/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E6%97%A5/"> - - 二零二一年二月十六日 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Feb 16, 2021</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/15/index.html b/archives/page/15/index.html index 7fbb9f98..20e11dba 100644 --- a/archives/page/15/index.html +++ b/archives/page/15/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2021/02/16/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E6%97%A5/"> + + 二零二一年二月十六日 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Feb 16, 2021</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2021/02/14/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%A5/"> 二零二一年二月十四日 diff --git a/archives/page/2/index.html b/archives/page/2/index.html index ea32b913..eeff4e8f 100644 --- a/archives/page/2/index.html +++ b/archives/page/2/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2025/07/11/rep-date/"> + + 除权除息日,股价调整与分红 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Jul 11, 2025</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2025/07/08/dadgad/"> DADGAD 定弦 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/"> - - UUID v7 是如何加快 RDBMS 索引速度的 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Apr 13, 2025</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/3/index.html b/archives/page/3/index.html index 3dedb821..8364ac74 100644 --- a/archives/page/3/index.html +++ b/archives/page/3/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/"> + + UUID v7 是如何加快 RDBMS 索引速度的 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Apr 13, 2025</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2025/04/03/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5/"> 二〇二五年四月三日 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2025/03/14/DDD-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-Ubiquitous-Languages/"> - - DDD 中的 Ubiquitous Language - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Mar 14, 2025</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/4/index.html b/archives/page/4/index.html index 8ea21b94..63963dcf 100644 --- a/archives/page/4/index.html +++ b/archives/page/4/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2025/03/14/DDD-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-Ubiquitous-Languages/"> + + DDD 中的 Ubiquitous Language + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Mar 14, 2025</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2025/03/13/%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E6%A0%B9%E2%80%9D/"> 领域驱动设计中的“聚合根” @@ -327,24 +345,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2024/11/26/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C/"> - - 如何管理用户界面中的危险操作 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Nov 26, 2024</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/5/index.html b/archives/page/5/index.html index 723d30e2..489ada9f 100644 --- a/archives/page/5/index.html +++ b/archives/page/5/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2024/11/26/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C/"> + + 如何管理用户界面中的危险操作 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Nov 26, 2024</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2024/11/17/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/"> 二〇二四年十一月十七日 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2024/09/12/Functional-Reactive-Programming-in-F/"> - - Functional Reactive Programming in F# - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Sep 12, 2024</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/6/index.html b/archives/page/6/index.html index ca0e3496..ca982271 100644 --- a/archives/page/6/index.html +++ b/archives/page/6/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2024/09/12/Functional-Reactive-Programming-in-F/"> + + Functional Reactive Programming in F# + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Sep 12, 2024</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2024/09/12/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%9D%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5/"> 二〇二四年九月十二日 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2024/07/01/OCaml-News-2024-4/"> - - OCaml News 2024-4 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Jul 1, 2024</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/7/index.html b/archives/page/7/index.html index 2bed44a1..f01de00c 100644 --- a/archives/page/7/index.html +++ b/archives/page/7/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2024/07/01/OCaml-News-2024-4/"> + + OCaml News 2024-4 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Jul 1, 2024</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2024/06/27/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/"> 二〇二四年六月二十七日 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2024/03/22/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5/"> - - 二〇二四年三月二十二日 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Mar 22, 2024</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/8/index.html b/archives/page/8/index.html index 06433edb..78b97a07 100644 --- a/archives/page/8/index.html +++ b/archives/page/8/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2024/03/22/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5/"> + + 二〇二四年三月二十二日 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Mar 22, 2024</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2024/02/26/OCaml-News-2024-3/"> OCaml News 2024-3 @@ -325,26 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - <div class="year-title">2023</div> - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2023/12/02/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5/"> - - 二〇二三年十二月二日 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Dec 2, 2023</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> diff --git a/archives/page/9/index.html b/archives/page/9/index.html index 0b1c8d1b..95dffe68 100644 --- a/archives/page/9/index.html +++ b/archives/page/9/index.html @@ -170,6 +170,24 @@ <div class="post-list-item"> <div class="post-title"> + <a href="/2023/12/02/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5/"> + + 二〇二三年十二月二日 + + </a> + </div> + + <span class="post-date">Dec 2, 2023</span> + </div> + + + + + + + + <div class="post-list-item"> + <div class="post-title"> <a href="/2023/12/01/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/"> 二〇二三年十二月一日 @@ -325,24 +343,6 @@ </div> - - - - - - <div class="post-list-item"> - <div class="post-title"> - <a href="/2023/10/21/OCaml-Core-Int-pow-%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0/"> - - OCaml Core.Int.pow 的实现 - - </a> - </div> - - <span class="post-date">Oct 21, 2023</span> - </div> - - <div id="paginator"> <div class=paginator> @@ -969,6 +969,31 @@ await prisma.$transaction(async tx => { </tags> </entry> <entry> + <title>中性粒细胞连你一起干</title> + <url>/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/</url> + <content><![CDATA[<p>中性粒细胞作为人体先天免疫系统中最丰富的白细胞亚型,约占循环白细胞总数的50-70%,其核心功能在于快速响应感染和炎症信号,从而维持组织稳态和防御外来入侵者。但其在高效杀灭病原体却可能释放有毒物质,这源于其进化设计:在急性感染中,这些物质针对性破坏微生物,而在慢性疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)中,过度激活则可能加剧组织损伤。</p> +<p>中性粒细胞的主要作用体现在免疫防御和炎症调控上。</p> +<p>首先,它们通过趋化因子(如IL-8、LTB4)和黏附分子(如整合素)从骨髓快速募集到感染或损伤部位,寿命通常仅为数小时至几天,却能高效执行任务。</p> +<p>其次,它们通过吞噬作用(phagocytosis)摄取细菌、真菌或其他病原体,并在吞噬体-溶酶体融合后释放颗粒内容物杀死目标。这种颗粒包括原初颗粒(azurophilic granules,富含髓过氧化物酶和防御素)、次级颗粒(specific granules,含乳铁蛋白和胶原酶)以及三级颗粒(gelatinase granules,含明胶酶)。</p> +<p>中性粒细胞还能形成中性粒细胞外陷阱(NETs),一种DNA-蛋白复合网状结构,用于捕获和杀死大颗粒病原体,如某些细菌或寄生虫。这些机制确保了中性粒细胞在急性炎症中的“第一响应者”角色,例如在肺炎或创伤中,它们能限制感染扩散,防止系统性败血症。</p> +<p>但中性粒细胞释放的许多物质本质上是有毒的,这是其杀菌机制的核心,为了高效消灭病原体,它们必须产生非特异性破坏性工具。</p> +<p>这些毒性物质主要包括活性氧簇(ROS,如超氧化物和过氧化氢,由NADPH氧化酶产生)、反应性氮中间体(RNI)、蛋白水解酶(如弹性蛋白酶、胶原酶和MMP-9,即基质金属蛋白酶-9)以及阳离子蛋白(如防御素和细菌素)。</p> +<p>ROS通过氧化损伤病原体DNA和蛋白质,RNI则干扰微生物代谢,而蛋白酶则降解细胞壁或外膜。</p> +<p>在正常生理条件下,这些释放是局部的、短暂的,受调控以最小化对宿主组织的损伤(例如,通过抗氧化酶(如超氧化物歧化酶)或蛋白酶抑制剂(如α1-抗胰蛋白酶)来平衡。)</p> +<p>但当激活信号持续存在时,如在慢性炎症环境中,中性粒细胞会过度募集和脱颗粒,导致毒性物质外溢,引发旁观者效应(bystander damage),损伤邻近健康细胞和基质。</p> +<p>在COPD这一慢性气道炎症疾病中,中性粒细胞的作用被放大为病理驱动因素。</p> +<p>COPD患者常伴随吸烟或环境暴露诱发的氧化应激,导致气道上皮释放大量趋化因子(如CXCL8/IL-8和LTB4,脂氧合酶途径产物),从而持续募集中性粒细胞。</p> +<p>这些细胞在肺泡和支气管黏膜定植后,释放MMP-9(促进基质降解和气道重构)、弹性蛋白酶(破坏弹性纤维,导致肺气肿)和LTB4(进一步放大炎症级联)。</p> +<p>而 PDE4(磷酸二酯酶4)能够降解cAMP(环腺苷酸),从而增强中性粒细胞的趋化、脱颗粒和ROS产生。</p> +<p>所以临床上,PDE4 抑制剂如罗氟司特(roflumilast)被批准用于重度COPD,以降低中性粒细胞介导的炎症,减少急性加重风险。</p> +<p>同时,B细胞和T细胞的交互可间接放大中性粒细胞响应,而MMP-9的升高则与COPD进展相关,血清水平可作为生物标志物监测疾病严重度。</p> +<p>总体而言,在COPD中,中性粒细胞从毒性释放加剧了气道阻塞、肺功能下降和共病风险,如心血管事件。</p> +]]></content> + <tags> + <tag>Medicine</tag> + </tags> + </entry> + <entry> <title>OCaml Core.Int.pow 的实现</title> <url>/2023/10/21/OCaml-Core-Int-pow-%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0/</url> <content><![CDATA[<p>Core内部直接引用的Base的实现, Base的实现在 <a href="https://github.com/janestreet/base/blob/494a0876168d24cda695cbb9a3d86ad8d1eb97d8/src/int_math.ml#L11-L18">src/int_math.ml</a> 中:</p> @@ -5567,18 +5592,6 @@ NestJS 依赖其底层 HTTP 适配器(默认为 Express)来解析传入的� </tags> </entry> <entry> - <title>给尸体上 ECMO 并维持心跳</title> - <url>/2024/05/13/%E7%BB%99%E5%B0%B8%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%8A-ECMO-%E5%B9%B6%E7%BB%B4%E6%8C%81%E5%BF%83%E8%B7%B3/</url> - <content><![CDATA[<p>没用,真实案例中,脑死亡一天后,大脑开始液化,腹腔内脏会自融,胸部肌肉皮肤会被人工呼吸机(通俗一点的叫法)捶打成肉糜一样烂,此时开颅查看大脑变成一摊灰色浆糊,脑脊液“会从鼻孔里流出来,好像清鼻涕一样。</p> -<p>植物人存活160多天生子的案例,首先植物人连大脑皮层都未必死亡(那些昏迷多年能醒的植物人,大脑额叶,大脑皮层明显没死亡),而能够存活一百多天的案例,肯定脑干功能也没有完全消失。</p> -<p>大脑和内脏快速自融的无一例外都是大脑皮层和脑干都彻底死亡,植物神经活动消失。于是大脑和内脏快速的产生自融现象。</p> -<p>像是激素调节和神经调节同时失能。比如TSH停止分泌后甲状腺停工,然后T4也没了代谢就出问题了。这是全身性的内分泌失能,失去激素调节细胞功能丧失也正常。</p> -]]></content> - <tags> - <tag>Medicine</tag> - </tags> - </entry> - <entry> <title>什么玩意儿都是</title> <url>/2024/09/07/%E7%BB%99%E5%AD%A9%E5%AD%90%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9D/</url> <content><![CDATA[<p>那些自古流传至今的至理名言,如无证实都不可信。今天人人称道的真理,明天却有可能被证实为谬论;有些人被这种云山雾罩的谬论遮蔽了双眼,还以为那是会为他们的土地带来甘露的云雨。</p> @@ -5591,6 +5604,18 @@ NestJS 依赖其底层 HTTP 适配器(默认为 Express)来解析传入的� </tags> </entry> <entry> + <title>给尸体上 ECMO 并维持心跳</title> + <url>/2024/05/13/%E7%BB%99%E5%B0%B8%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%8A-ECMO-%E5%B9%B6%E7%BB%B4%E6%8C%81%E5%BF%83%E8%B7%B3/</url> + <content><![CDATA[<p>没用,真实案例中,脑死亡一天后,大脑开始液化,腹腔内脏会自融,胸部肌肉皮肤会被人工呼吸机(通俗一点的叫法)捶打成肉糜一样烂,此时开颅查看大脑变成一摊灰色浆糊,脑脊液“会从鼻孔里流出来,好像清鼻涕一样。</p> +<p>植物人存活160多天生子的案例,首先植物人连大脑皮层都未必死亡(那些昏迷多年能醒的植物人,大脑额叶,大脑皮层明显没死亡),而能够存活一百多天的案例,肯定脑干功能也没有完全消失。</p> +<p>大脑和内脏快速自融的无一例外都是大脑皮层和脑干都彻底死亡,植物神经活动消失。于是大脑和内脏快速的产生自融现象。</p> +<p>像是激素调节和神经调节同时失能。比如TSH停止分泌后甲状腺停工,然后T4也没了代谢就出问题了。这是全身性的内分泌失能,失去激素调节细胞功能丧失也正常。</p> +]]></content> + <tags> + <tag>Medicine</tag> + </tags> + </entry> + <entry> <title>肝功能检查化验单阅读指南</title> <url>/2023/10/13/%E8%82%9D%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E5%8C%96%E9%AA%8C%E5%8D%95/</url> <content><