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-rw-r--r--2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html7
-rw-r--r--2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/index.html308
-rw-r--r--2025/04/20/linux-amd-screen-boom/index.html290
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diff --git a/2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html b/2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html
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+++ b/2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
</ol>
<p>Prisma ORM 在设计上就考虑了 N+1 问题，并提供了一种既方便开发者又高效的解决方案。当使用 Prisma Client 查询数据并需要包含关联模型时，Prisma 会自动优化查询，<strong>避免产生 N+1 查询</strong>，主要通过<strong>关系查询（Relation Queries）</strong>中的 <code>include</code> 选项或嵌套读取（nested reads）来实现这一点：</p>
<p>假设想获取所有用户及其发布的帖子，使用 Prisma Client，可以这样写：</p>
-<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; <span class="title class_">PrismaClient</span> &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@prisma/client&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> prisma = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrismaClient</span>()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">async</span> <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">getUsersWithPosts</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> usersWithPosts = <span class="keyword">await</span> prisma.<span class="property">user</span>.<span class="title function_">findMany</span>(&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">include</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">posts</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="comment">// 指示 Prisma 加载关联的 posts</span></span><br><span class="line"> &#125;,</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// usersWithPosts 包含了用户列表，每个用户对象中都有一个 posts 数组</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(usersWithPosts)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">getUsersWithPosts</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> .<span class="title function_">catch</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">e</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> e</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"> .<span class="title function_">finally</span>(<span class="keyword">async</span> () =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">await</span> prisma.$disconnect()</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; <span class="title class_">PrismaClient</span> &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@prisma/client&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> prisma = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrismaClient</span>()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">async</span> <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">getUsersWithPosts</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> usersWithPosts = <span class="keyword">await</span> prisma.<span class="property">user</span>.<span class="title function_">findMany</span>(&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">include</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">posts</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="comment">// 指示 Prisma 加载关联的 posts</span></span><br><span class="line"> &#125;,</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// usersWithPosts 包含了用户列表，每个用户对象中都有一个 posts 数组</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(usersWithPosts)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">getUsersWithPosts</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> .<span class="title function_">catch</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">e</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> e</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"> .<span class="title function_">finally</span>(<span class="title function_">async</span> () =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">await</span> prisma.$disconnect()</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当执行上述查询时，Prisma <strong>不会</strong> 生成 N+1 个 SQL 查询。而是首先会分析请求，并将其转化为数量非常有限的高效 SQL 查询。对于上面这个一对多关系的 <code>include</code> 查询，Prisma 通常会执行以下<strong>两步</strong>（类似于批量加载策略）：</p>
<ol>
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+ UUID v7 是如何加快 RDBMS 索引速度的
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+ Apr 13, 2025
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+ <p>UUID v7 之所以能显著提升关系型数据库（尤其是采用聚集索引的 MySQL InnoDB）在插入和查询速度，主要归功于它在 ID 中引入了“可排序的时间戳前缀”，从而大幅减少了 B-Tree 索引页分裂（page split）和数据碎片化。这里分几点来说：</p>
+<p>一、 聚集索引（Clustered Index）的插入机制 </p>
+<p>在 InnoDB 中，聚集索引的叶子节点同时存储了行数据，且按照索引键（主键）顺序物理排序。</p>
+<p>当新记录的主键完全随机（如 UUID v4）时，每次插入都会随机落在 B-Tree 的不同叶子页，导致频繁的页分裂和指针重排，而页分裂和随机 I&#x2F;O 会带来大量的磁盘写放大和缓存抖动（cache churn），削弱吞吐并拉高延迟。</p>
+<p>二、UUID v7 的时间排序特性 </p>
+<p>UUID v7 在高位（前 48 位）嵌入了以毫秒级精度的 Unix 时间戳，剩下的位用于随机数或序列号，这样生成的 ID 保持全局唯一性的同时，随着时间自然递增（即“近似单调递增”），新插入的记录几乎总是追加到 B-Tree 的最右端叶子节点。 </p>
+<p>参见 dbaplus.cn 的分析： </p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>“UUID v7 的创新之处在于其时间排序特性，它在前 48 位中嵌入了以毫秒为单位的 Unix 时间戳……可能在插入和查询操作上提供更好的性能”【1】。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>三、降低页分裂与碎片化 </p>
+<p>顺序或近似顺序的主键能使叶子节点连续增长，极少触发页分裂，并且更少的页分裂意味着更低的写放大（write amplification）和更稳定的插入延迟，同时，减少了空洞和链表重排，提高了磁盘和内存缓存的命中率。</p>
+<p>四、提升查询局部性与缓存命中 </p>
+<p>因为数据物理上是按时间顺序紧凑写入，时间范围查询（如 “最近 1 小时的日志”）可以快速定位连续的叶子页，I&#x2F;O 更聚集，内存缓冲池（buffer pool）或操作系统页缓存能更有效地缓存最近热数据，进一步加速查询。</p>
+<hr>
+<p>Rimon Tawadrous 在其 GitHub repo 中的测试，对比 100 万条逐条插入实验，UUID v7 相较 UUID v4 在单线程插入上速度快约 3.24%，多线程下更可观【1】。 </p>
+<hr>
+<p><strong>参考链接</strong><br>[1] “为什么 UUID 7 比 UUID 4 更适合作为 RDBMS 的聚集索引？” dbaplus.cn<br> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://dbaplus.cn/news-160-6313-1.html">https://dbaplus.cn/news-160-6313-1.html</a><br>[2] “PostgreSQL and UUID as primary key” maciejwalkowiak<br> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://maciejwalkowiak.com/blog/postgres-uuid-primary-key/">https://maciejwalkowiak.com/blog/postgres-uuid-primary-key/</a><br>[3] “Optimised UUIDs in mysql” stitcher<br> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://stitcher.io/blog/optimised-uuids-in-mysql">https://stitcher.io/blog/optimised-uuids-in-mysql</a><br>[3] “Storing UUID Values in MySQL” percona<br> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.percona.com/blog/store-uuid-optimized-way/">https://www.percona.com/blog/store-uuid-optimized-way/</a></p>
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+ <p>不知道我们所说的闪烁是不是一个东西，在我的笔记本上，闪烁是指偶发的屏幕中出现部分彩色雪花。</p>
+<p>我使用 Pop!_OS，此发行版使用 EFI 启动，故而可以在 <code>/boot/efi/loader/loader.conf</code> 中加上:</p>
+<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">options quiet splash amdgpu.dcdebugmask=0x10 amdgpu.sg_display=0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>对于其他使用 EFI 或 GRUB 启动的发行版也可以添加类似的参数尝试尝试。</p>
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