diff options
Diffstat (limited to '2025')
| -rw-r--r-- | 2025/02/18/Prisma-关系型数据库的-Self-relations/index.html | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 2025/02/19/Repository-pattern-in-Typescript/index.html | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/index.html | 308 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 2025/04/20/linux-amd-screen-boom/index.html | 290 |
5 files changed, 609 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/2025/02/18/Prisma-关系型数据库的-Self-relations/index.html b/2025/02/18/Prisma-关系型数据库的-Self-relations/index.html index fda4a344..b69d4397 100644 --- a/2025/02/18/Prisma-关系型数据库的-Self-relations/index.html +++ b/2025/02/18/Prisma-关系型数据库的-Self-relations/index.html @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ <p>一对一的 self-relation 需要两个端点，即使这两个端点是同一条数据。</p> </blockquote> <p>而在关系型数据库中，一对一的 self-relation 可以用如下 SQL 描述：</p> -<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> "User" (</span><br><span class="line"> id SERIAL <span class="keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY,</span><br><span class="line"> "name" TEXT,</span><br><span class="line"> "successorId" <span class="type">INTEGER</span></span><br><span class="line">);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> "User" <span class="keyword">ADD</span> <span class="keyword">CONSTRAINT</span> fk_successor_user <span class="keyword">FOREIGN</span> KEY ("successorId") <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> "User" (id);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> "User" <span class="keyword">ADD</span> <span class="keyword">CONSTRAINT</span> successor_unique <span class="keyword">UNIQUE</span> ("successorId");</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> +<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE TABLE</span> "User" (</span><br><span class="line"> id SERIAL <span class="keyword">PRIMARY KEY</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> "name" TEXT,</span><br><span class="line"> "successorId" <span class="type">INTEGER</span></span><br><span class="line">);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER TABLE</span> "User" <span class="keyword">ADD CONSTRAINT</span> fk_successor_user <span class="keyword">FOREIGN KEY</span> ("successorId") <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> "User" (id);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER TABLE</span> "User" <span class="keyword">ADD CONSTRAINT</span> successor_unique <span class="keyword">UNIQUE</span> ("successorId");</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> <h2 id="一对多"><a href="#一对多" class="headerlink" title="一对多"></a>一对多</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">model User {</span><br><span class="line"> id Int @id @default(autoincrement())</span><br><span class="line"> name String?</span><br><span class="line"> teacherId Int?</span><br><span class="line"> teacher User? @relation("TeacherStudents", fields: [teacherId], references: [id])</span><br><span class="line"> students User[] @relation("TeacherStudents")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ <p>可以通过将 <code>teacher</code> 字段设<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.prisma.io/docs/orm/prisma-schema/data-model/models#optional-and-mandatory-fields">为 required</a> 来要求每个 User 都有一名 teacher。</p> </blockquote> <p>用 SQL 描述 User model：</p> -<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> "User" (</span><br><span class="line"> id SERIAL <span class="keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY,</span><br><span class="line"> "name" TEXT,</span><br><span class="line"> "teacherId" <span class="type">INTEGER</span></span><br><span class="line">);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> "User" <span class="keyword">ADD</span> <span class="keyword">CONSTRAINT</span> fk_teacherid_user <span class="keyword">FOREIGN</span> KEY ("teacherId") <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> "User" (id);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> +<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE TABLE</span> "User" (</span><br><span class="line"> id SERIAL <span class="keyword">PRIMARY KEY</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> "name" TEXT,</span><br><span class="line"> "teacherId" <span class="type">INTEGER</span></span><br><span class="line">);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER TABLE</span> "User" <span class="keyword">ADD CONSTRAINT</span> fk_teacherid_user <span class="keyword">FOREIGN KEY</span> ("teacherId") <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> "User" (id);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> <p><code>teacherId</code> 没有使用 <code>UNIQUE</code> 约束，这代表着多个 students 可以有同一个 teacher</p> <h2 id="多对多"><a href="#多对多" class="headerlink" title="多对多"></a>多对多</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">model User {</span><br><span class="line"> id Int @id @default(autoincrement())</span><br><span class="line"> name String?</span><br><span class="line"> followedBy User[] @relation("UserFollows")</span><br><span class="line"> following User[] @relation("UserFollows")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">model User {</span><br><span class="line"> id Int @id @default(autoincrement())</span><br><span class="line"> name String?</span><br><span class="line"> followedBy Follows[] @relation("followedBy")</span><br><span class="line"> following Follows[] @relation("following")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">model Follows {</span><br><span class="line"> followedBy User @relation("followedBy", fields: [followedById], references: [id])</span><br><span class="line"> followedById Int</span><br><span class="line"> following User @relation("following", fields: [followingId], references: [id])</span><br><span class="line"> followingId Int</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @@id([followingId, followedById])</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> <p>在关系型数据库中，可以用如下 SQL 描述:</p> -<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> "User" (</span><br><span class="line"> id <span class="type">integer</span> <span class="keyword">DEFAULT</span> nextval(<span class="string">'"User_id_seq"'</span>::regclass) <span class="keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY,</span><br><span class="line"> name text</span><br><span class="line">);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> "_UserFollows" (</span><br><span class="line"> "A" <span class="type">integer</span> <span class="keyword">NOT</span> <span class="keyword">NULL</span> <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> "User"(id) <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">DELETE</span> CASCADE <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> CASCADE,</span><br><span class="line"> "B" <span class="type">integer</span> <span class="keyword">NOT</span> <span class="keyword">NULL</span> <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> "User"(id) <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">DELETE</span> CASCADE <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> CASCADE</span><br><span class="line">);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> +<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE TABLE</span> "User" (</span><br><span class="line"> id <span class="type">integer</span> <span class="keyword">DEFAULT</span> nextval(<span class="string">'"User_id_seq"'</span>::regclass) <span class="keyword">PRIMARY KEY</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> name text</span><br><span class="line">);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE TABLE</span> "_UserFollows" (</span><br><span class="line"> "A" <span class="type">integer</span> <span class="keyword">NOT NULL</span> <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> "User"(id) <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">DELETE</span> CASCADE <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> CASCADE,</span><br><span class="line"> "B" <span class="type">integer</span> <span class="keyword">NOT NULL</span> <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> "User"(id) <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">DELETE</span> CASCADE <span class="keyword">ON</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> CASCADE</span><br><span class="line">);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> <h2 id="在同一模型上建立多个-self-relations"><a href="#在同一模型上建立多个-self-relations" class="headerlink" title="在同一模型上建立多个 self-relations"></a>在同一模型上建立多个 self-relations</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">model User {</span><br><span class="line"> id Int @id @default(autoincrement())</span><br><span class="line"> name String?</span><br><span class="line"> teacherId Int?</span><br><span class="line"> teacher User? @relation("TeacherStudents", fields: [teacherId], references: [id])</span><br><span class="line"> students User[] @relation("TeacherStudents")</span><br><span class="line"> followedBy User[] @relation("UserFollows")</span><br><span class="line"> following User[] @relation("UserFollows")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> diff --git a/2025/02/19/Repository-pattern-in-Typescript/index.html b/2025/02/19/Repository-pattern-in-Typescript/index.html index bdd29669..d5509d8e 100644 --- a/2025/02/19/Repository-pattern-in-Typescript/index.html +++ b/2025/02/19/Repository-pattern-in-Typescript/index.html @@ -217,10 +217,10 @@ <li><code>IGenericRepository</code> 中定义的函数是每个 <em>Repository</em> 公开的通用存储函数。</li> </ul> <p>以上这些就是对业务中的实体的 <em>Repository</em> 抽象，这样就隔离开了业务和存储逻辑，例如使用 MongoDB，可以实现一个 <code>MongoGenericRepository</code>：</p> -<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">Model</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'mongoose'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">IGenericRepository</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'../../../core'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><T> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">IGenericRepository</span><T> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="attr">_repository</span>: <span class="title class_">Model</span><T>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="attr">_populateOnFind</span>: <span class="built_in">string</span>[];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">constructor</span>(<span class="params">repository: Model<T>, populateOnFind: <span class="built_in">string</span>[] = []</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span> = repository;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_populateOnFind</span> = populateOnFind;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">getAll</span>(): <span class="title class_">Promise</span><T[]> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span>.<span class="title function_">find</span>().<span class="title function_">populate</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_populateOnFind</span>).<span class="title function_">exec</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">get</span>(<span class="attr">id</span>: <span class="built_in">any</span>): <span class="title class_">Promise</span><T> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span>.<span class="title function_">findById</span>(id).<span class="title function_">populate</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_populateOnFind</span>).<span class="title function_">exec</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">create</span>(<span class="attr">item</span>: T): <span class="title class_">Promise</span><T> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span>.<span class="title function_">create</span>(item);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">update</span>(<span class="params">id: <span class="built_in">string</span>, item: T</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span>.<span class="title function_">findByIdAndUpdate</span>(id, item);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> +<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">Model</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'mongoose'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">IGenericRepository</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'../../../core'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><T> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">IGenericRepository</span><T> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="attr">_repository</span>: <span class="title class_">Model</span><T>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="attr">_populateOnFind</span>: <span class="built_in">string</span>[];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">constructor</span>(<span class="params"><span class="attr">repository</span>: <span class="title class_">Model</span><T>, <span class="attr">populateOnFind</span>: <span class="built_in">string</span>[] = []</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span> = repository;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_populateOnFind</span> = populateOnFind;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">getAll</span>(): <span class="title class_">Promise</span><T[]> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span>.<span class="title function_">find</span>().<span class="title function_">populate</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_populateOnFind</span>).<span class="title function_">exec</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">get</span>(<span class="attr">id</span>: <span class="built_in">any</span>): <span class="title class_">Promise</span><T> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span>.<span class="title function_">findById</span>(id).<span class="title function_">populate</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_populateOnFind</span>).<span class="title function_">exec</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">create</span>(<span class="attr">item</span>: T): <span class="title class_">Promise</span><T> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span>.<span class="title function_">create</span>(item);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">update</span>(<span class="params"><span class="attr">id</span>: <span class="built_in">string</span>, <span class="attr">item</span>: T</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">_repository</span>.<span class="title function_">findByIdAndUpdate</span>(id, item);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> <p>然后实现一个 <code>MongoDataServices</code>:</p> -<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">Injectable</span>, <span class="title class_">OnApplicationBootstrap</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'@nestjs/common'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">InjectModel</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'@nestjs/mongoose'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">Model</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'mongoose'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">IDataServices</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'../../../core'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./mongo-generic-repository'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">Author</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">AuthorDocument</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">Book</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">BookDocument</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">Genre</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">GenreDocument</span>,</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./model'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Injectable</span>()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MongoDataServices</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">IDataServices</span>, <span class="title class_">OnApplicationBootstrap</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">authors</span>: <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Author</span>>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">books</span>: <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Book</span>>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">genres</span>: <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Genre</span>>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">constructor</span>(<span class="params"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="meta">@InjectModel</span>(Author.name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="keyword">private</span> AuthorRepository: Model<AuthorDocument>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="meta">@InjectModel</span>(Book.name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="keyword">private</span> BookRepository: Model<BookDocument>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="meta">@InjectModel</span>(Genre.name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="keyword">private</span> GenreRepository: Model<GenreDocument>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> </span>) {}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">onApplicationBootstrap</span>(<span class="params"></span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">authors</span> = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Author</span>>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">AuthorRepository</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">books</span> = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Book</span>>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">BookRepository</span>, [</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'author'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'genre'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> ]);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">genres</span> = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Genre</span>>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">GenreRepository</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> +<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">Injectable</span>, <span class="title class_">OnApplicationBootstrap</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'@nestjs/common'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">InjectModel</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'@nestjs/mongoose'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">Model</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'mongoose'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">IDataServices</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'../../../core'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./mongo-generic-repository'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">Author</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">AuthorDocument</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">Book</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">BookDocument</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">Genre</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title class_">GenreDocument</span>,</span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'./model'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Injectable</span>()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MongoDataServices</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">IDataServices</span>, <span class="title class_">OnApplicationBootstrap</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">authors</span>: <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Author</span>>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">books</span>: <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Book</span>>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">genres</span>: <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Genre</span>>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">constructor</span>(<span class="params"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="meta">@InjectModel</span>(Author.name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title class_">AuthorRepository</span>: <span class="title class_">Model</span><<span class="title class_">AuthorDocument</span>>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="meta">@InjectModel</span>(Book.name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title class_">BookRepository</span>: <span class="title class_">Model</span><<span class="title class_">BookDocument</span>>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="meta">@InjectModel</span>(Genre.name)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title class_">GenreRepository</span>: <span class="title class_">Model</span><<span class="title class_">GenreDocument</span>>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> </span>) {}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="title function_">onApplicationBootstrap</span>(<span class="params"></span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">authors</span> = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Author</span>>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">AuthorRepository</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">books</span> = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Book</span>>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">BookRepository</span>, [</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'author'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'genre'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> ]);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">genres</span> = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MongoGenericRepository</span><<span class="title class_">Genre</span>>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">GenreRepository</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> <hr> <p>Sunday, March 30, 2025 7:58 PM:</p> diff --git a/2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html b/2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html index 2df41efe..ac98e832 100644 --- a/2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html +++ b/2025/04/02/N-1-selects-problem-与-Prisma-ORM/index.html @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ </ol> <p>Prisma ORM 在设计上就考虑了 N+1 问题，并提供了一种既方便开发者又高效的解决方案。当使用 Prisma Client 查询数据并需要包含关联模型时，Prisma 会自动优化查询，<strong>避免产生 N+1 查询</strong>，主要通过<strong>关系查询（Relation Queries）</strong>中的 <code>include</code> 选项或嵌套读取（nested reads）来实现这一点：</p> <p>假设想获取所有用户及其发布的帖子，使用 Prisma Client，可以这样写：</p> -<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">PrismaClient</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'@prisma/client'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> prisma = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrismaClient</span>()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">async</span> <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">getUsersWithPosts</span>(<span class="params"></span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> usersWithPosts = <span class="keyword">await</span> prisma.<span class="property">user</span>.<span class="title function_">findMany</span>({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">include</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">posts</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="comment">// 指示 Prisma 加载关联的 posts</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// usersWithPosts 包含了用户列表，每个用户对象中都有一个 posts 数组</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(usersWithPosts)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">getUsersWithPosts</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> .<span class="title function_">catch</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">e</span>) =></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> e</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .<span class="title function_">finally</span>(<span class="keyword">async</span> () => {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">await</span> prisma.$disconnect()</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> +<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> { <span class="title class_">PrismaClient</span> } <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'@prisma/client'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> prisma = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrismaClient</span>()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">async</span> <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">getUsersWithPosts</span>(<span class="params"></span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> usersWithPosts = <span class="keyword">await</span> prisma.<span class="property">user</span>.<span class="title function_">findMany</span>({</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">include</span>: {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">posts</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="comment">// 指示 Prisma 加载关联的 posts</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// usersWithPosts 包含了用户列表，每个用户对象中都有一个 posts 数组</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(usersWithPosts)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">getUsersWithPosts</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> .<span class="title function_">catch</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">e</span>) =></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> e</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br><span class="line"> .<span class="title function_">finally</span>(<span class="title function_">async</span> () => {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">await</span> prisma.$disconnect()</span><br><span class="line"> })</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> <p>当执行上述查询时，Prisma <strong>不会</strong> 生成 N+1 个 SQL 查询。而是首先会分析请求，并将其转化为数量非常有限的高效 SQL 查询。对于上面这个一对多关系的 <code>include</code> 查询，Prisma 通常会执行以下<strong>两步</strong>（类似于批量加载策略）：</p> <ol> @@ -234,6 +234,11 @@ <nav class="post-nav"> <div class="prev-item"> + <div class="icon arrow-left"></div> + <div class="post-link"> + <a href="/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/">Prev</a> + </div> + </div> <div class="next-item"> diff --git a/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/index.html b/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1a8b513a --- /dev/null +++ b/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + <head> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> +<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> +<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> + + <meta name="author" content="韩暮秋"> + + + <meta name="subtitle" content="暮秋小屋"> + + + <meta name="description" content="这里是暮秋小屋，思念和灵感的寄存处"> + + + <meta name="keywords" content="韩暮秋,MuqiuHan,'Muqiu Han', 'muqiu han', muqiuhan"> + + + + + <title> + + UUID v7 是如何加快 RDBMS 索引速度的 | + 暮秋小屋 + </title> + + + + <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"> + + + <style> + @font-face { + font-family: CarroisSong; + src: url('/fonts/CarroisSong.ttf'); + } + </style> + + + + <!-- stylesheets list from _config.yml --> + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css"> + + + + + + <!-- scripts list from _config.yml --> + + <script + src="/js/menu.js"></script> + + + + + + <script + src="https://polyfill.alicdn.com/polyfill.js?features=es6"></script> + <script + id="MathJax-script" + async + src="https://lf6-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/mathjax/3.2.0/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> + + + + + <meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head> + <body> 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</div> +</div> + + <div class="main"> + <div class="flex-container"> + <article id="post"> + + + <div class="post-head"> + <div class="post-info"> + <div class="tag-list"> + + + <span class="post-tag"> + <a href="/tags/Technique/"> + Technique + </a> + </span> + + + </div> + <div class="post-title"> + + + UUID v7 是如何加快 RDBMS 索引速度的 + + + </div> + <span class="post-date"> + Apr 13, 2025 + </span> + </div> + <div class="post-img"> + + <div class="h-line-primary"></div> + + </div> +</div> + <div class="post-content"> + <p>UUID v7 之所以能显著提升关系型数据库（尤其是采用聚集索引的 MySQL InnoDB）在插入和查询速度，主要归功于它在 ID 中引入了“可排序的时间戳前缀”，从而大幅减少了 B-Tree 索引页分裂（page split）和数据碎片化。这里分几点来说：</p> +<p>一、 聚集索引（Clustered Index）的插入机制 </p> +<p>在 InnoDB 中，聚集索引的叶子节点同时存储了行数据，且按照索引键（主键）顺序物理排序。</p> +<p>当新记录的主键完全随机（如 UUID v4）时，每次插入都会随机落在 B-Tree 的不同叶子页，导致频繁的页分裂和指针重排，而页分裂和随机 I/O 会带来大量的磁盘写放大和缓存抖动（cache churn），削弱吞吐并拉高延迟。</p> +<p>二、UUID v7 的时间排序特性 </p> +<p>UUID v7 在高位（前 48 位）嵌入了以毫秒级精度的 Unix 时间戳，剩下的位用于随机数或序列号，这样生成的 ID 保持全局唯一性的同时，随着时间自然递增（即“近似单调递增”），新插入的记录几乎总是追加到 B-Tree 的最右端叶子节点。 </p> +<p>参见 dbaplus.cn 的分析： </p> +<blockquote> +<p>“UUID v7 的创新之处在于其时间排序特性，它在前 48 位中嵌入了以毫秒为单位的 Unix 时间戳……可能在插入和查询操作上提供更好的性能”【1】。</p> +</blockquote> +<p>三、降低页分裂与碎片化 </p> +<p>顺序或近似顺序的主键能使叶子节点连续增长，极少触发页分裂，并且更少的页分裂意味着更低的写放大（write amplification）和更稳定的插入延迟，同时，减少了空洞和链表重排，提高了磁盘和内存缓存的命中率。</p> +<p>四、提升查询局部性与缓存命中 </p> +<p>因为数据物理上是按时间顺序紧凑写入，时间范围查询（如 “最近 1 小时的日志”）可以快速定位连续的叶子页，I/O 更聚集，内存缓冲池（buffer pool）或操作系统页缓存能更有效地缓存最近热数据，进一步加速查询。</p> +<hr> +<p>Rimon Tawadrous 在其 GitHub repo 中的测试，对比 100 万条逐条插入实验，UUID v7 相较 UUID v4 在单线程插入上速度快约 3.24%，多线程下更可观【1】。 </p> +<hr> +<p><strong>参考链接</strong><br>[1] “为什么 UUID 7 比 UUID 4 更适合作为 RDBMS 的聚集索引？” dbaplus.cn<br> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://dbaplus.cn/news-160-6313-1.html">https://dbaplus.cn/news-160-6313-1.html</a><br>[2] “PostgreSQL and UUID as primary key” maciejwalkowiak<br> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://maciejwalkowiak.com/blog/postgres-uuid-primary-key/">https://maciejwalkowiak.com/blog/postgres-uuid-primary-key/</a><br>[3] “Optimised UUIDs in mysql” stitcher<br> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://stitcher.io/blog/optimised-uuids-in-mysql">https://stitcher.io/blog/optimised-uuids-in-mysql</a><br>[3] “Storing UUID Values in MySQL” percona<br> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.percona.com/blog/store-uuid-optimized-way/">https://www.percona.com/blog/store-uuid-optimized-way/</a></p> + +</div> + +<script> + window.onload = detectors(); +</script> + <div class="post-footer"> + <div class="h-line-primary"></div> + <nav class="post-nav"> + <div class="prev-item"> + + <div class="icon arrow-left"></div> + <div class="post-link"> + <a href="/2025/04/20/linux-amd-screen-boom/">Prev</a> + </div> + + </div> + <div class="next-item"> + + <div class="icon arrow-right"></div> + <div class="post-link"> + <a 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