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- 血清胆红素水平与冠心病风险:从抗氧化机制到遗传流行病学的证据综述
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- <p>体检报告上"间接胆红素轻度升高"很常见。多数时候医生会说没事,可能是吉尔伯特综合征。网上却流传另一种说法:胆红素高的人心脏更好,因为胆红素是强效抗氧化剂。这个说法从 1987 年一篇《Science》论文开始,经历了从机制、临床观察到大型遗传学研究的完整验证,得到的结论比想象中复杂——它部分成立,但"升高胆红素能保护心脏"这个因果命题,在目前最强的证据里并不成立。</p>
-<h2 id="1987-年:胆红素被重新定义"><a class="header-anchor" href="#1987-年:胆红素被重新定义">¶</a>1987 年:胆红素被重新定义</h2>
-<p>1987 年之前,胆红素在教科书里的身份是血红素分解的"有毒废料"——新生儿黄疸、肝病黄疸的主角。加州大学伯克利分校的 Stocker 和 Ames 团队首次证明:未结合胆红素是一种极其强效的脂溶性抗氧化剂<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup>。</p>
-<ul>
-<li>在生理组织氧浓度(2%)下,胆红素抑制脂质过氧化的效率超过 α-生育酚(维生素 E),后者当时被认为是脂质过氧化最强的内源性抗氧化剂;</li>
-<li>1 分子白蛋白结合型胆红素可清除约 2 分子过氧自由基,血液中正常存在的少量胆红素足以保护白蛋白结合脂肪酸不被氧化<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li>反应机理是氢原子转移:供氢基团是四吡咯结构两端二吡咯酮环的 N-H 键,动力学实测 1 分子胆红素可清除约 2 分子过氧自由基<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">[3]</a></sup>。</li>
-</ul>
-<p>此后四十年的生化研究不断补全机制。胆红素与 α-生育酚构成协同抗氧化网络,添加胆红素可使维生素 E 的消耗停止<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4">[4]</a></sup>;生理浓度胆红素可清除氯胺并抑制髓过氧化物酶诱导的蛋白和脂质氧化<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn5" id="fnref5">[5]</a></sup>;2020 年后又发现胆红素是 PPAR-α 的选择性内源性配体,能重塑白色脂肪组织代谢,因此被称作"黄色激素"<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6">[6]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn7" id="fnref7">[7]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>抗氧化并非无限度。细胞实验显示,细胞内未结合胆红素蓄积超过约 25 ng/mg 蛋白后,抗氧化转为促氧化并产生细胞毒性<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn8" id="fnref8">[8]</a></sup>。这解释了为什么只有轻度升高有益。</p>
-<h2 id="临床观察:低胆红素与冠心病风险相关"><a class="header-anchor" href="#临床观察:低胆红素与冠心病风险相关">¶</a>临床观察:低胆红素与冠心病风险相关</h2>
-<p>1994 年,Schwertner 等人在血管造影确诊的冠心病男性队列中发现:ln(总胆红素)与冠脉疾病严重程度独立负相关。总胆红素下降 50%,处于更严重冠脉疾病分级的几率增加 47%,关联强度"与收缩压相当"<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn9" id="fnref9">[9]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>2002 年,查尔斯大学 Vítek 团队做了更直接的人群对照:50 例 40 岁以上的吉尔伯特综合征患者 vs 2296 例一般人群,吉尔伯特组缺血性心脏病患病率仅 2%,对照组 12.1%(P&lt;0.05),且吉尔伯特组血清总抗氧化能力显著更高<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn10" id="fnref10">[10]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>2006 年弗雷明汉心脏研究把证据推到基因层面:按 UGT1A1*28 基因型(吉尔伯特综合征的遗传基础,人群频率约 11%)分层,7/7 纯合子携带者心血管疾病风险 HR = 0.36(95% CI 0.18–0.74),冠心病 HR = 0.30<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn11" id="fnref11">[11]</a></sup>。这组数据至今仍被广泛引用。</p>
-<p>后续荟萃分析确认了方向:每升高 1 个标准差胆红素,心血管风险约降 7%–10%<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn12" id="fnref12">[12]</a></sup>;生理范围内胆红素升高使首次心梗长期风险降 22%(RR 0.78)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn13" id="fnref13">[13]</a></sup>;卒中风险最高 vs 最低组 RR = 0.85<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn14" id="fnref14">[14]</a></sup>。他汀人群 13 万人数据显示 L 形关联:与 10 μmol/L 相比,5 μmol/L 者心血管事件 +18%、心梗 +34%<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn15" id="fnref15">[15]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>观察性证据有两个长期被忽视的软肋。一是吸烟混杂——吸烟者 42% 处于胆红素最低四分位,戒烟后胆红素回升,"低胆红素 + 高心血管风险"有一部分是吸烟驱动的<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn16" id="fnref16">[16]</a></sup>。二是性别差异——阳性证据大多来自男性,女性中关联弱或不显著<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn17" id="fnref17">[17]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn18" id="fnref18">[18]</a></sup>。</p>
-<h2 id="分水岭:孟德尔随机化给出否定答案"><a class="header-anchor" href="#分水岭:孟德尔随机化给出否定答案">¶</a>分水岭:孟德尔随机化给出否定答案</h2>
-<p>观察性关联无法区分因果与混杂。孟德尔随机化(MR)利用"基因型在受精时随机分配"这一自然实验,绕开吸烟、饮酒、生活方式等混杂,是检验因果性的最强观察设计。这个领域在 2013 年和 2023 年迎来了两次大型否定。</p>
-<p><strong>哥本哈根三队列 MR(2013)</strong>:43,708 人测胆红素,67,068 人基因分型,含 11,686 例缺血性心脏病事件。观察性分析中胆红素最高三分位 HR = 0.86,但多因素校正后衰减为 0.93(不显著);基因型分析(TT vs GG,胆红素升高约 95%)对缺血性心脏病的 OR = 1.03,完全无效。加上既往 8 项研究的荟萃:OR = 1.01(0.88–1.16)。结论原文:“血浆胆红素与缺血性心脏病风险无因果关联”<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn19" id="fnref19">[19]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p><strong>UK Biobank + FinnGen(2023)</strong>:46.3 万人基因分型,42.9 万人复现。观察性层面,高胆红素与总体健康、心梗、胆固醇等广泛结局强负相关;遗传学层面,这些负相关在吉尔伯特基因型人群中全部未复现——基因预测的胆红素仅与胆道/肝脏病理显著相关(胆结石 OR = 1.16,P = 5.7×10⁻¹⁶)。结论原文:“遗传学分析提示胆红素对心血管疾病、慢阻肺及其他关键结局无因果保护作用”<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn20" id="fnref20">[20]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>这两项研究分别代表欧洲最大样本和全球最大样本,事件数都足以检出真实效应。如果"胆红素保护心脏"的因果效应真实存在,这些设计理应能够发现。</p>
-<h2 id="但事情没有完全结束"><a class="header-anchor" href="#但事情没有完全结束">¶</a>但事情没有完全结束</h2>
-<p>欧洲的否定不等于全部。亚洲和非洲人群的部分 MR 研究给出了阳性信号:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><strong>韩/日人群多变量 MR(2024)</strong>:间接胆红素对缺血性卒中 OR = 0.76,但共定位分析未找到共享因果变异,阳性需谨慎<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn21" id="fnref21">[21]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>非裔人群 MR(2021)</strong>:胆红素对高血压呈因果保护(β = −0.76)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn22" id="fnref22">[22]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>中国汉族</strong>:上海 2380 例冠脉造影人群,UGT1A1 rs887829 隐性模型与男性冠心病显著负相关(OR = 0.24)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn23" id="fnref23">[23]</a></sup>;东风-同济队列 2 型糖尿病患者中,间接胆红素 Q4 vs Q1 的冠心病 HR = 0.74<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn24" id="fnref24">[24]</a></sup>。</li>
-</ul>
-<p>2023 年《Circulation Research》的动物-人联合研究显示,胆红素缺乏小鼠的动脉粥样硬化斑块更不稳定(纤维帽变薄、斑块内出血),人冠脉斑块中血红素代谢上调——机制层面的保护证据仍在积累<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn25" id="fnref25">[25]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>而胆结石是唯一在基因型与结局层面完全一致的因果证据:61,212 人前瞻队列 + MR,胆红素最高十分位症状性胆结石 HR = 1.57,TT 纯合基因型 HR = 1.22,存在剂量-反应<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn26" id="fnref26">[26]</a></sup>。</p>
-<h2 id="几个容易被忽视的细节"><a class="header-anchor" href="#几个容易被忽视的细节">¶</a>几个容易被忽视的细节</h2>
-<ul>
-<li><strong>剂量-反应是 U 形,不是越多越好</strong>:12 项前瞻研究荟萃显示风险最低点约在 17–20 μmol/L,过低过高都不利<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn27" id="fnref27">[27]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>急性期方向反转</strong>:心梗或卒中急性期,高胆红素反而预示更差预后——急性期胆红素升高反映氧化应激负荷,是"损伤标记"而非保护因子。保护作用是长期慢性暴露的属性<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn13" id="fnref13:1">[13:1]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn28" id="fnref28">[28]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>组分之争</strong>:不同研究中间接与直接胆红素方向可能相反<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn29" id="fnref29">[29]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>预测价值有限</strong>:加入胆红素后风险模型的 C 指数仅提升 0.0013(P=0.13),没有临床意义的预测增益<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn12" id="fnref12:1">[12:1]</a></sup>。</li>
-</ul>
-<h2 id="结论"><a class="header-anchor" href="#结论">¶</a>结论</h2>
-<p>四十年的证据放在一起,最准确的表述是:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p><strong>生理性轻度高胆红素血症(吉尔伯特综合征)是心血管风险的独立反向生物标志物,具有真实而复杂的抗氧化、抗炎与代谢活性;但"胆红素因果性地保护心脏"在欧洲人群最强设计中未获支持,不能作为临床干预的依据。</strong></p>
-</blockquote>
-<p>对个体而言,体检发现孤立性间接胆红素轻度升高(排除溶血与肝病后)应视为良性状态——既不必因此放松标准的心血管风险管理(血压、血脂、吸烟、运动),也不应被当作"心脏有保护"的免死金牌。对用药而言,吉尔伯特综合征患者使用 UGT1A1 底物药物(如伊立替康)需关注暴露增加。</p>
-<p>一个常被误读的地方:2006 年弗雷明汉那篇著名的 HR = 0.36 是基因型-结局关联研究,不是孟德尔随机化;真正的 MR 检验直到 2013 年才由哥本哈根团队完成,而它给出的是否定答案。这个领域的发展轨迹——从乐观叙事到大型否定、再到人群异质性的复杂图景——本身就是流行病学方法学进步的一个标本。</p>
-<hr>
-<h2 id="参考文献"><a class="header-anchor" href="#参考文献">¶</a>参考文献</h2>
-<p><img src="/img/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6/%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="胆红素水平与心血管结局:观察性 vs 遗传学证据的关键效应量"></p>
-<hr class="footnotes-sep">
-<section class="footnotes">
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-</li>
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-</li>
-<li id="fn13" class="footnote-item"><p>Yao ME, et al. <em>Physiologically increased total bilirubin is associated with reduced risk of first myocardial infarction…</em> Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;31(4):1076-1085. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612380/">PMID: 33612380</a> <a href="#fnref13" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref13:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-<li id="fn14" class="footnote-item"><p>Wang G, et al. <em>Association between bilirubin levels and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</em> BMJ Open. 2023;13(5):e067833. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37164466/">PMID: 37164466</a> <a href="#fnref14" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
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-</li>
-<li id="fn17" class="footnote-item"><p>Hopkins PN, et al. <em>Higher serum bilirubin is associated with decreased risk for early familial coronary artery disease.</em> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16(2):250-5. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8620339/">PMID: 8620339</a> <a href="#fnref17" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
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-</li>
-<li id="fn19" class="footnote-item"><p>Stender S, et al. <em>Genetically elevated bilirubin and risk of ischaemic heart disease: three Mendelian randomization studies and a meta-analysis.</em> J Intern Med. 2013;273(1):59-68. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22805420/">PMID: 22805420</a> <a href="#fnref19" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-<li id="fn20" class="footnote-item"><p>Hamilton FW, et al. <em>Effect of bilirubin and Gilbert syndrome on health: cohort analysis of observational, genetic, and Mendelian randomisation associations.</em> BMJ Med. 2023;2(1):e000467. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37456363/">PMID: 37456363</a> <a href="#fnref20" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-<li id="fn21" class="footnote-item"><p>Shin JW, et al. <em>Causal association between serum bilirubin and ischemic stroke: multivariable Mendelian randomization.</em> Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024070. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39210787/">PMID: 39210787</a> <a href="#fnref21" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-<li id="fn22" class="footnote-item"><p>Chen G, et al. <em>A UGT1A1 variant is associated with serum total bilirubin levels, which are causal for hypertension in African-ancestry individuals.</em> NPJ Genom Med. 2021;6(1):44. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34117260/">PMID: 34117260</a> <a href="#fnref22" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
-<li id="fn29" class="footnote-item"><p>Tang C, et al. <em>The association between bilirubin and hypertension among a Chinese ageing cohort: a prospective follow-up study.</em> J Transl Med. 2022;20(1):108. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35246141/">PMID: 35246141</a> <a href="#fnref29" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-</ol>
-</section>
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<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2026/04/21/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
+ <a href="/2026/03/22/%E5%9C%A8-OCaml-%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-CTypes-%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A-libseccomp/">
- 二〇二六年四月二十一日
+ 在 OCaml 中通过 CTypes 绑定 libseccomp
</a>
</div>
- <span class="post-date">Apr 21, 2026</span>
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 22, 2026</span>
</div>
@@ -326,14 +326,14 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2026/03/22/%E5%9C%A8-OCaml-%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-CTypes-%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A-libseccomp/">
+ <a href="/2026/03/21/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B0%88-NestJS-Zod/">
- 在 OCaml 中通过 CTypes 绑定 libseccomp
+ 小谈 NestJS Zod
</a>
</div>
- <span class="post-date">Mar 22, 2026</span>
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 21, 2026</span>
</div>
diff --git a/archives/2026/page/2/index.html b/archives/2026/page/2/index.html
index d31deb4d..2aca60cf 100644
--- a/archives/2026/page/2/index.html
+++ b/archives/2026/page/2/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2026/03/21/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B0%88-NestJS-Zod/">
-
- 小谈 NestJS Zod
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 21, 2026</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2026/03/16/Nginx-%E5%89%8D%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%90%8C%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%86%E6%B5%81/">
Nginx 前后端同域分流
diff --git a/archives/index.html b/archives/index.html
index ba01d181..7943b493 100644
--- a/archives/index.html
+++ b/archives/index.html
@@ -272,14 +272,14 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2026/08/15/%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%8E%E5%86%A0%E5%BF%83%E7%97%85%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9/">
+ <a href="/2026/05/28/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8-DDD-CQRS-%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E8%B7%A8%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/">
- 血清胆红素水平与冠心病风险:从抗氧化机制到遗传流行病学的证据综述
+ 如何在 DDD + CQRS 中处理跨聚合的事务
</a>
</div>
- <span class="post-date">Aug 15, 2026</span>
+ <span class="post-date">May 28, 2026</span>
</div>
@@ -290,14 +290,14 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2026/05/28/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8-DDD-CQRS-%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E8%B7%A8%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/">
+ <a href="/2026/04/21/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
- 如何在 DDD + CQRS 中处理跨聚合的事务
+ 二〇二六年四月二十一日
</a>
</div>
- <span class="post-date">May 28, 2026</span>
+ <span class="post-date">Apr 21, 2026</span>
</div>
@@ -308,14 +308,14 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2026/04/21/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
+ <a href="/2026/03/22/%E5%9C%A8-OCaml-%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-CTypes-%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A-libseccomp/">
- 二〇二六年四月二十一日
+ 在 OCaml 中通过 CTypes 绑定 libseccomp
</a>
</div>
- <span class="post-date">Apr 21, 2026</span>
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 22, 2026</span>
</div>
@@ -326,14 +326,14 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2026/03/22/%E5%9C%A8-OCaml-%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87-CTypes-%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A-libseccomp/">
+ <a href="/2026/03/21/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B0%88-NestJS-Zod/">
- 在 OCaml 中通过 CTypes 绑定 libseccomp
+ 小谈 NestJS Zod
</a>
</div>
- <span class="post-date">Mar 22, 2026</span>
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 21, 2026</span>
</div>
diff --git a/archives/page/10/index.html b/archives/page/10/index.html
index f9475f9b..33d0bcaf 100644
--- a/archives/page/10/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/10/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/08/02/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二〇二四年八月一日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Aug 2, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/07/23/OCaml-News-2024-6/">
OCaml News 2024-6
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/05/07/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二〇二四年五月七日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">May 7, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/11/index.html b/archives/page/11/index.html
index fd001aea..81e70d8e 100644
--- a/archives/page/11/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/11/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/05/07/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二〇二四年五月七日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">May 7, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/04/08/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88%E5%85%AB%E6%97%A5/">
二〇二四年四月八日
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/01/22/Rescript-React-Native/">
+
+ Rescript and React Native
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Jan 22, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/12/index.html b/archives/page/12/index.html
index 835caee7..3f808371 100644
--- a/archives/page/12/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/12/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/01/22/Rescript-React-Native/">
-
- Rescript and React Native
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Jan 22, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/01/18/OCaml-News-2024-2/">
OCaml News 2024-2
@@ -339,6 +321,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/10/25/Radiographic-Absence-of-the-Left-Humeral-Head/">
+
+ Radiographic Absence of the Left Humeral Head
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Oct 25, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/13/index.html b/archives/page/13/index.html
index 7114dafd..444a8959 100644
--- a/archives/page/13/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/13/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/10/25/Radiographic-Absence-of-the-Left-Humeral-Head/">
-
- Radiographic Absence of the Left Humeral Head
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Oct 25, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/10/25/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9/">
肺炎支原体注意事项
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/08/27/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二零二三年八月二十七日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Aug 27, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/14/index.html b/archives/page/14/index.html
index b1564f91..c767b1d3 100644
--- a/archives/page/14/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/14/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/08/27/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二零二三年八月二十七日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Aug 27, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/08/21/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
二零二三年八月二十一日
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/06/22/%E7%81%AF%E7%AC%BC%E8%8D%89/">
+
+ 灯笼草
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Jun 22, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/15/index.html b/archives/page/15/index.html
index 489bb308..69fbae4b 100644
--- a/archives/page/15/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/15/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/06/22/%E7%81%AF%E7%AC%BC%E8%8D%89/">
-
- 灯笼草
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Jun 22, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/06/17/%E5%8F%91%E7%83%AD%E5%8F%8A%E8%B6%85%E9%AB%98%E7%83%AD%E5%8D%B1%E8%B1%A1/">
发热及超高热危象
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/03/14/%E5%91%8B%E5%A1%9E%E7%B1%B3/">
+
+ 呋塞米
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 14, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/16/index.html b/archives/page/16/index.html
index 9f4f0521..dcc6cb1f 100644
--- a/archives/page/16/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/16/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/03/14/%E5%91%8B%E5%A1%9E%E7%B1%B3/">
-
- 呋塞米
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 14, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/03/13/%E6%9B%BF%E7%B1%B3%E6%B2%99%E5%9D%A6/">
替米沙坦
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/02/02/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二零二三年二月二日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Feb 2, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/17/index.html b/archives/page/17/index.html
index aca44e6b..26adaea2 100644
--- a/archives/page/17/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/17/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/02/02/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二零二三年二月二日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Feb 2, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/02/01/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
二零二三年二月一日
@@ -339,6 +321,26 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="year-title">2021</div>
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2021/03/27/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二零二一年三月二十七日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 27, 2021</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/18/index.html b/archives/page/18/index.html
index 2a85a63e..3a0557fc 100644
--- a/archives/page/18/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/18/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2021/03/27/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二零二一年三月二十七日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 27, 2021</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2021/03/15/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5/">
二零二一年三月十五日
diff --git a/archives/page/2/index.html b/archives/page/2/index.html
index 19ccb75e..b288c999 100644
--- a/archives/page/2/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/2/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2026/03/21/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B0%88-NestJS-Zod/">
-
- 小谈 NestJS Zod
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 21, 2026</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2026/03/16/Nginx-%E5%89%8D%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%90%8C%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%86%E6%B5%81/">
Nginx 前后端同域分流
@@ -339,6 +321,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/12/20/%E8%B0%88%E8%B0%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B/">
+
+ 谈谈软件工程
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Dec 20, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/3/index.html b/archives/page/3/index.html
index 35962459..ed7b6bc4 100644
--- a/archives/page/3/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/3/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/12/20/%E8%B0%88%E8%B0%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B/">
-
- 谈谈软件工程
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Dec 20, 2025</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/12/19/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9B%B2%E6%80%81%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0/">
临床研究中盲态规则存在的原因
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/10/29/%E5%BA%93%E6%AC%A3%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81/">
+
+ 库欣综合征
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Oct 29, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/4/index.html b/archives/page/4/index.html
index 8af525dc..d9379731 100644
--- a/archives/page/4/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/4/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/10/29/%E5%BA%93%E6%AC%A3%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81/">
-
- 库欣综合征
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Oct 29, 2025</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/10/28/sufactants/">
表面活性剂
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/07/29/nestjs-nested-object-dto/">
+
+ NestJS 嵌套查询参数解析错误分析与解决方案
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Jul 29, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/5/index.html b/archives/page/5/index.html
index 23c7ed80..abd66927 100644
--- a/archives/page/5/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/5/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/07/29/nestjs-nested-object-dto/">
-
- NestJS 嵌套查询参数解析错误分析与解决方案
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Jul 29, 2025</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/07/11/fuck-hcho/">
由甲醛开始的碎碎念
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/05/07/nestjs-bullmq-mail-business/">
+
+ NestJS bullmq 邮件发送业务中的小 tips
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">May 7, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/6/index.html b/archives/page/6/index.html
index da409607..c082ade9 100644
--- a/archives/page/6/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/6/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/05/07/nestjs-bullmq-mail-business/">
-
- NestJS bullmq 邮件发送业务中的小 tips
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">May 7, 2025</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/04/20/linux-amd-screen-boom/">
Linux 下 AMD 显卡屏幕画面闪烁问题修复方案
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/03/20/%E8%82%BA%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC/">
+
+ 肺功能检查数值
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 20, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/7/index.html b/archives/page/7/index.html
index b00340a3..ab38a48c 100644
--- a/archives/page/7/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/7/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/03/20/%E8%82%BA%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC/">
-
- 肺功能检查数值
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 20, 2025</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/03/19/%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%AD%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E6%A0%B9%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E5%8C%96%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/">
领域驱动设计中聚合根持久化和事件发布可能导致数据不一致问题
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/01/19/%E8%BA%AB%E4%BD%93%E5%BE%80%E5%89%8D%E5%80%BE%EF%BC%8C%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82%E5%90%91%E5%90%8E%E6%91%87/">
+
+ 身体往前倾,灵魂向后摇
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Jan 19, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/8/index.html b/archives/page/8/index.html
index 7b03f081..73fb729a 100644
--- a/archives/page/8/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/8/index.html
@@ -159,26 +159,6 @@
- <div class="year-title">2025</div>
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/01/19/%E8%BA%AB%E4%BD%93%E5%BE%80%E5%89%8D%E5%80%BE%EF%BC%8C%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82%E5%90%91%E5%90%8E%E6%91%87/">
-
- 身体往前倾,灵魂向后摇
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Jan 19, 2025</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
<div class="year-title">2024</div>
@@ -339,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/09/27/Turborepo-%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0/">
+
+ Turborepo 简述
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Sep 27, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/9/index.html b/archives/page/9/index.html
index 464e5462..31e0badb 100644
--- a/archives/page/9/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/9/index.html
@@ -164,24 +164,6 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/09/27/Turborepo-%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0/">
-
- Turborepo 简述
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Sep 27, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/09/15/%E8%82%A9%E5%91%A8%E7%82%8E%E5%92%8C%E8%82%A9%E8%A2%96%E6%8D%9F%E4%BC%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB/">
肩周炎和肩袖损伤的区别
@@ -337,6 +319,24 @@
</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/08/02/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二〇二四年八月一日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Aug 2, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/page/2/index.html b/page/2/index.html
index 4524673b..226641fc 100644
--- a/page/2/index.html
+++ b/page/2/index.html
@@ -61,7 +61,119 @@
- <meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head>
+ <meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"><style>mjx-container[jax="SVG"] {
+ direction: ltr;
+}
+
+mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg {
+ overflow: visible;
+}
+
+mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"] {
+ display: block;
+ text-align: center;
+ margin: 1em 0;
+}
+
+mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="left"] {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="right"] {
+ text-align: right;
+}
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+g[data-mml-node="merror"] > g {
+ fill: red;
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+}
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+ fill: yellow;
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+}
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+g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > line[data-line] {
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+}
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+}
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+ padding: .2em;
+ border: 1px solid #888;
+ font-size: 70%;
+ background-color: #F8F8F8;
+ color: black;
+ box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA;
+}
+
+g[data-mml-node="maction"][data-toggle] {
+ cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+mjx-status {
+ display: block;
+ position: fixed;
+ left: 1em;
+ bottom: 1em;
+ min-width: 25%;
+ padding: .2em .4em;
+ border: 1px solid #888;
+ font-size: 90%;
+ background-color: #F8F8F8;
+ color: black;
+}
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+ font-family: initial;
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+ overflow: visible;
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+ overflow: auto hidden;
+}
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+ display: none;
+}
+</style></head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
diff --git a/page/3/index.html b/page/3/index.html
index 226641fc..4524673b 100644
--- a/page/3/index.html
+++ b/page/3/index.html
@@ -61,119 +61,7 @@
- <meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"><style>mjx-container[jax="SVG"] {
- direction: ltr;
-}
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-mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg {
- overflow: visible;
-}
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- display: block;
- text-align: center;
- margin: 1em 0;
-}
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-mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="left"] {
- text-align: left;
-}
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-mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="right"] {
- text-align: right;
-}
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- fill: red;
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- fill: yellow;
- stroke: none;
-}
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- stroke-width: 70px;
- fill: none;
-}
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- stroke-width: 70px;
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- stroke-dasharray: 140;
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-g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > .mjx-dotted {
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- overflow: visible;
-}
-
-[jax="SVG"] mjx-tool {
- display: inline-block;
- position: relative;
- width: 0;
- height: 0;
-}
-
-[jax="SVG"] mjx-tool > mjx-tip {
- position: absolute;
- top: 0;
- left: 0;
-}
-
-mjx-tool > mjx-tip {
- display: inline-block;
- padding: .2em;
- border: 1px solid #888;
- font-size: 70%;
- background-color: #F8F8F8;
- color: black;
- box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA;
-}
-
-g[data-mml-node="maction"][data-toggle] {
- cursor: pointer;
-}
-
-mjx-status {
- display: block;
- position: fixed;
- left: 1em;
- bottom: 1em;
- min-width: 25%;
- padding: .2em .4em;
- border: 1px solid #888;
- font-size: 90%;
- background-color: #F8F8F8;
- color: black;
-}
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- overflow: auto hidden;
-}
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-mjx-container[display="true"] + br {
- display: none;
-}
-</style></head>
+ <meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
diff --git a/search.xml b/search.xml
index eb4e122c..3e497b54 100644
--- a/search.xml
+++ b/search.xml
@@ -151,6 +151,21 @@
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
+ <title>Adolescent Onset of Acute Heart Failure</title>
+ <url>/2023/11/21/Adolescent-Onset-of-Acute-Heart-Failure/</url>
+ <content><![CDATA[<p>心力衰竭一般是常见于成人的,主要继发于高血压和冠状动脉疾病。 青少年的病因很广泛,包括心肌炎、心肌病、结构性心脏病、营养缺乏、代谢紊乱、高血压危象和心律失常等。在发达国家,先天性心脏病和心肌病是儿童心力衰竭的两大主要原因,而在发展中国家,主要原因包括感染和严重贫血。 尽管原因不同,但青少年心力衰竭的表现与成人相似。常见症状包括呼吸困难、外周水肿、端坐呼吸、咳嗽、喘息和继发于水肿的阵发性夜间呼吸困难,但也可能包括非特异性症状,如疲劳、恶心、厌食或液体潴留导致的体重增加。表现形式差异很大,包括无明显症状、充血性心力衰竭体征,极端情况下表现为心源性休克。同样,体检也可能存在很大差异。如果患者患有代偿性心力衰竭,则可以进行相对良性的检查。</p>
+<p>心力衰竭的一些不易被察觉但高度相关的检查结果包括有:心动过速、心音异常(奔马律、舒张期杂音或病理性收缩期杂音)、呼吸急促和肝肿大。胸部X光片和心电图(ECG)可能显示非特异性发现。胸片可显示心脏肥大伴肺充血。心电图结果通常是非特异性的。 这篇文章对青少年心力衰竭的罕见和常见原因进行了概述。</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="/papers/Approach%20to%20Idiopathic%20Anaphylaxis%20in%20Adolescents.pdf">原始文章</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="其他"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他">¶</a>其他</h2>
+<p>端坐呼吸或端坐呼吸是平躺时发生的呼吸短促,导致患者不得不支撑在床上或坐在椅子上睡觉。它通常被视为心力衰竭的晚期表现,是由于液体重新分布到中央循环,导致肺毛细血管压力增加并导致呼吸困难所致。它也见于腹部肥胖或肺部疾病的情况。端坐呼吸与平呼吸相反,平呼吸是指坐或站直时呼吸急促会加重。</p>
+]]></content>
+ <tags>
+ <tag>Medicine</tag>
+ </tags>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
<title>A Brief History of Just-In-Time</title>
<url>/2023/09/28/A-Brief-History-of-Just-In-Time/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<p>Software systems have been using “just-in-time” compilation (JIT) techniques since the<br>
@@ -189,21 +204,6 @@ such systems. This classification emerges as we survey forty years of JIT work,
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
- <title>Adolescent Onset of Acute Heart Failure</title>
- <url>/2023/11/21/Adolescent-Onset-of-Acute-Heart-Failure/</url>
- <content><![CDATA[<p>心力衰竭一般是常见于成人的,主要继发于高血压和冠状动脉疾病。 青少年的病因很广泛,包括心肌炎、心肌病、结构性心脏病、营养缺乏、代谢紊乱、高血压危象和心律失常等。在发达国家,先天性心脏病和心肌病是儿童心力衰竭的两大主要原因,而在发展中国家,主要原因包括感染和严重贫血。 尽管原因不同,但青少年心力衰竭的表现与成人相似。常见症状包括呼吸困难、外周水肿、端坐呼吸、咳嗽、喘息和继发于水肿的阵发性夜间呼吸困难,但也可能包括非特异性症状,如疲劳、恶心、厌食或液体潴留导致的体重增加。表现形式差异很大,包括无明显症状、充血性心力衰竭体征,极端情况下表现为心源性休克。同样,体检也可能存在很大差异。如果患者患有代偿性心力衰竭,则可以进行相对良性的检查。</p>
-<p>心力衰竭的一些不易被察觉但高度相关的检查结果包括有:心动过速、心音异常(奔马律、舒张期杂音或病理性收缩期杂音)、呼吸急促和肝肿大。胸部X光片和心电图(ECG)可能显示非特异性发现。胸片可显示心脏肥大伴肺充血。心电图结果通常是非特异性的。 这篇文章对青少年心力衰竭的罕见和常见原因进行了概述。</p>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/papers/Approach%20to%20Idiopathic%20Anaphylaxis%20in%20Adolescents.pdf">原始文章</a></li>
-</ul>
-<h2 id="其他"><a class="header-anchor" href="#其他">¶</a>其他</h2>
-<p>端坐呼吸或端坐呼吸是平躺时发生的呼吸短促,导致患者不得不支撑在床上或坐在椅子上睡觉。它通常被视为心力衰竭的晚期表现,是由于液体重新分布到中央循环,导致肺毛细血管压力增加并导致呼吸困难所致。它也见于腹部肥胖或肺部疾病的情况。端坐呼吸与平呼吸相反,平呼吸是指坐或站直时呼吸急促会加重。</p>
-]]></content>
- <tags>
- <tag>Medicine</tag>
- </tags>
- </entry>
- <entry>
<title>Advanced C binding using ocaml-ctypes and dune</title>
<url>/2024/09/15/Advanced-C-binding-using-ocaml-ctypes-and-dune/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<p>I was working on a OCaml binding for <a href="https://github.com/Haivision/srt">libsrt</a> last summer, to add support for SRT real-time input and output to <a href="https://github.com/savonet/liquidsoap">liquidsoap</a>, and came across the need to access the <code>[sys/socket.h](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xns/syssocket.h.html)</code> C API.</p>
@@ -7264,124 +7264,6 @@ NestJS 依赖其底层 HTTP 适配器(默认为 Express)来解析传入的�
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
- <title>血清胆红素水平与冠心病风险:从抗氧化机制到遗传流行病学的证据综述</title>
- <url>/2026/08/15/%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%8E%E5%86%A0%E5%BF%83%E7%97%85%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9/</url>
- <content><![CDATA[<p>体检报告上"间接胆红素轻度升高"很常见。多数时候医生会说没事,可能是吉尔伯特综合征。网上却流传另一种说法:胆红素高的人心脏更好,因为胆红素是强效抗氧化剂。这个说法从 1987 年一篇《Science》论文开始,经历了从机制、临床观察到大型遗传学研究的完整验证,得到的结论比想象中复杂——它部分成立,但"升高胆红素能保护心脏"这个因果命题,在目前最强的证据里并不成立。</p>
-<h2 id="1987-年:胆红素被重新定义"><a class="header-anchor" href="#1987-年:胆红素被重新定义">¶</a>1987 年:胆红素被重新定义</h2>
-<p>1987 年之前,胆红素在教科书里的身份是血红素分解的"有毒废料"——新生儿黄疸、肝病黄疸的主角。加州大学伯克利分校的 Stocker 和 Ames 团队首次证明:未结合胆红素是一种极其强效的脂溶性抗氧化剂<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup>。</p>
-<ul>
-<li>在生理组织氧浓度(2%)下,胆红素抑制脂质过氧化的效率超过 α-生育酚(维生素 E),后者当时被认为是脂质过氧化最强的内源性抗氧化剂;</li>
-<li>1 分子白蛋白结合型胆红素可清除约 2 分子过氧自由基,血液中正常存在的少量胆红素足以保护白蛋白结合脂肪酸不被氧化<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li>反应机理是氢原子转移:供氢基团是四吡咯结构两端二吡咯酮环的 N-H 键,动力学实测 1 分子胆红素可清除约 2 分子过氧自由基<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">[3]</a></sup>。</li>
-</ul>
-<p>此后四十年的生化研究不断补全机制。胆红素与 α-生育酚构成协同抗氧化网络,添加胆红素可使维生素 E 的消耗停止<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4">[4]</a></sup>;生理浓度胆红素可清除氯胺并抑制髓过氧化物酶诱导的蛋白和脂质氧化<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn5" id="fnref5">[5]</a></sup>;2020 年后又发现胆红素是 PPAR-α 的选择性内源性配体,能重塑白色脂肪组织代谢,因此被称作"黄色激素"<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn6" id="fnref6">[6]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn7" id="fnref7">[7]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>抗氧化并非无限度。细胞实验显示,细胞内未结合胆红素蓄积超过约 25 ng/mg 蛋白后,抗氧化转为促氧化并产生细胞毒性<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn8" id="fnref8">[8]</a></sup>。这解释了为什么只有轻度升高有益。</p>
-<h2 id="临床观察:低胆红素与冠心病风险相关"><a class="header-anchor" href="#临床观察:低胆红素与冠心病风险相关">¶</a>临床观察:低胆红素与冠心病风险相关</h2>
-<p>1994 年,Schwertner 等人在血管造影确诊的冠心病男性队列中发现:ln(总胆红素)与冠脉疾病严重程度独立负相关。总胆红素下降 50%,处于更严重冠脉疾病分级的几率增加 47%,关联强度"与收缩压相当"<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn9" id="fnref9">[9]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>2002 年,查尔斯大学 Vítek 团队做了更直接的人群对照:50 例 40 岁以上的吉尔伯特综合征患者 vs 2296 例一般人群,吉尔伯特组缺血性心脏病患病率仅 2%,对照组 12.1%(P&lt;0.05),且吉尔伯特组血清总抗氧化能力显著更高<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn10" id="fnref10">[10]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>2006 年弗雷明汉心脏研究把证据推到基因层面:按 UGT1A1*28 基因型(吉尔伯特综合征的遗传基础,人群频率约 11%)分层,7/7 纯合子携带者心血管疾病风险 HR = 0.36(95% CI 0.18–0.74),冠心病 HR = 0.30<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn11" id="fnref11">[11]</a></sup>。这组数据至今仍被广泛引用。</p>
-<p>后续荟萃分析确认了方向:每升高 1 个标准差胆红素,心血管风险约降 7%–10%<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn12" id="fnref12">[12]</a></sup>;生理范围内胆红素升高使首次心梗长期风险降 22%(RR 0.78)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn13" id="fnref13">[13]</a></sup>;卒中风险最高 vs 最低组 RR = 0.85<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn14" id="fnref14">[14]</a></sup>。他汀人群 13 万人数据显示 L 形关联:与 10 μmol/L 相比,5 μmol/L 者心血管事件 +18%、心梗 +34%<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn15" id="fnref15">[15]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>观察性证据有两个长期被忽视的软肋。一是吸烟混杂——吸烟者 42% 处于胆红素最低四分位,戒烟后胆红素回升,"低胆红素 + 高心血管风险"有一部分是吸烟驱动的<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn16" id="fnref16">[16]</a></sup>。二是性别差异——阳性证据大多来自男性,女性中关联弱或不显著<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn17" id="fnref17">[17]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn18" id="fnref18">[18]</a></sup>。</p>
-<h2 id="分水岭:孟德尔随机化给出否定答案"><a class="header-anchor" href="#分水岭:孟德尔随机化给出否定答案">¶</a>分水岭:孟德尔随机化给出否定答案</h2>
-<p>观察性关联无法区分因果与混杂。孟德尔随机化(MR)利用"基因型在受精时随机分配"这一自然实验,绕开吸烟、饮酒、生活方式等混杂,是检验因果性的最强观察设计。这个领域在 2013 年和 2023 年迎来了两次大型否定。</p>
-<p><strong>哥本哈根三队列 MR(2013)</strong>:43,708 人测胆红素,67,068 人基因分型,含 11,686 例缺血性心脏病事件。观察性分析中胆红素最高三分位 HR = 0.86,但多因素校正后衰减为 0.93(不显著);基因型分析(TT vs GG,胆红素升高约 95%)对缺血性心脏病的 OR = 1.03,完全无效。加上既往 8 项研究的荟萃:OR = 1.01(0.88–1.16)。结论原文:“血浆胆红素与缺血性心脏病风险无因果关联”<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn19" id="fnref19">[19]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p><strong>UK Biobank + FinnGen(2023)</strong>:46.3 万人基因分型,42.9 万人复现。观察性层面,高胆红素与总体健康、心梗、胆固醇等广泛结局强负相关;遗传学层面,这些负相关在吉尔伯特基因型人群中全部未复现——基因预测的胆红素仅与胆道/肝脏病理显著相关(胆结石 OR = 1.16,P = 5.7×10⁻¹⁶)。结论原文:“遗传学分析提示胆红素对心血管疾病、慢阻肺及其他关键结局无因果保护作用”<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn20" id="fnref20">[20]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>这两项研究分别代表欧洲最大样本和全球最大样本,事件数都足以检出真实效应。如果"胆红素保护心脏"的因果效应真实存在,这些设计理应能够发现。</p>
-<h2 id="但事情没有完全结束"><a class="header-anchor" href="#但事情没有完全结束">¶</a>但事情没有完全结束</h2>
-<p>欧洲的否定不等于全部。亚洲和非洲人群的部分 MR 研究给出了阳性信号:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><strong>韩/日人群多变量 MR(2024)</strong>:间接胆红素对缺血性卒中 OR = 0.76,但共定位分析未找到共享因果变异,阳性需谨慎<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn21" id="fnref21">[21]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>非裔人群 MR(2021)</strong>:胆红素对高血压呈因果保护(β = −0.76)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn22" id="fnref22">[22]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>中国汉族</strong>:上海 2380 例冠脉造影人群,UGT1A1 rs887829 隐性模型与男性冠心病显著负相关(OR = 0.24)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn23" id="fnref23">[23]</a></sup>;东风-同济队列 2 型糖尿病患者中,间接胆红素 Q4 vs Q1 的冠心病 HR = 0.74<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn24" id="fnref24">[24]</a></sup>。</li>
-</ul>
-<p>2023 年《Circulation Research》的动物-人联合研究显示,胆红素缺乏小鼠的动脉粥样硬化斑块更不稳定(纤维帽变薄、斑块内出血),人冠脉斑块中血红素代谢上调——机制层面的保护证据仍在积累<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn25" id="fnref25">[25]</a></sup>。</p>
-<p>而胆结石是唯一在基因型与结局层面完全一致的因果证据:61,212 人前瞻队列 + MR,胆红素最高十分位症状性胆结石 HR = 1.57,TT 纯合基因型 HR = 1.22,存在剂量-反应<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn26" id="fnref26">[26]</a></sup>。</p>
-<h2 id="几个容易被忽视的细节"><a class="header-anchor" href="#几个容易被忽视的细节">¶</a>几个容易被忽视的细节</h2>
-<ul>
-<li><strong>剂量-反应是 U 形,不是越多越好</strong>:12 项前瞻研究荟萃显示风险最低点约在 17–20 μmol/L,过低过高都不利<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn27" id="fnref27">[27]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>急性期方向反转</strong>:心梗或卒中急性期,高胆红素反而预示更差预后——急性期胆红素升高反映氧化应激负荷,是"损伤标记"而非保护因子。保护作用是长期慢性暴露的属性<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn13" id="fnref13:1">[13:1]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn28" id="fnref28">[28]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>组分之争</strong>:不同研究中间接与直接胆红素方向可能相反<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn29" id="fnref29">[29]</a></sup>;</li>
-<li><strong>预测价值有限</strong>:加入胆红素后风险模型的 C 指数仅提升 0.0013(P=0.13),没有临床意义的预测增益<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn12" id="fnref12:1">[12:1]</a></sup>。</li>
-</ul>
-<h2 id="结论"><a class="header-anchor" href="#结论">¶</a>结论</h2>
-<p>四十年的证据放在一起,最准确的表述是:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p><strong>生理性轻度高胆红素血症(吉尔伯特综合征)是心血管风险的独立反向生物标志物,具有真实而复杂的抗氧化、抗炎与代谢活性;但"胆红素因果性地保护心脏"在欧洲人群最强设计中未获支持,不能作为临床干预的依据。</strong></p>
-</blockquote>
-<p>对个体而言,体检发现孤立性间接胆红素轻度升高(排除溶血与肝病后)应视为良性状态——既不必因此放松标准的心血管风险管理(血压、血脂、吸烟、运动),也不应被当作"心脏有保护"的免死金牌。对用药而言,吉尔伯特综合征患者使用 UGT1A1 底物药物(如伊立替康)需关注暴露增加。</p>
-<p>一个常被误读的地方:2006 年弗雷明汉那篇著名的 HR = 0.36 是基因型-结局关联研究,不是孟德尔随机化;真正的 MR 检验直到 2013 年才由哥本哈根团队完成,而它给出的是否定答案。这个领域的发展轨迹——从乐观叙事到大型否定、再到人群异质性的复杂图景——本身就是流行病学方法学进步的一个标本。</p>
-<hr>
-<h2 id="参考文献"><a class="header-anchor" href="#参考文献">¶</a>参考文献</h2>
-<p><img src="/img/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6/%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="胆红素水平与心血管结局:观察性 vs 遗传学证据的关键效应量"></p>
-<hr class="footnotes-sep">
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-<li id="fn17" class="footnote-item"><p>Hopkins PN, et al. <em>Higher serum bilirubin is associated with decreased risk for early familial coronary artery disease.</em> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16(2):250-5. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8620339/">PMID: 8620339</a> <a href="#fnref17" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-<li id="fn18" class="footnote-item"><p>Hunt SC, et al. <em>Association of plasma bilirubin with coronary heart disease and segregation of bilirubin as a major gene trait…</em> Atherosclerosis. 2001;154(3):747-54. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11257278/">PMID: 11257278</a> <a href="#fnref18" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-<li id="fn19" class="footnote-item"><p>Stender S, et al. <em>Genetically elevated bilirubin and risk of ischaemic heart disease: three Mendelian randomization studies and a meta-analysis.</em> J Intern Med. 2013;273(1):59-68. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22805420/">PMID: 22805420</a> <a href="#fnref19" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-<li id="fn20" class="footnote-item"><p>Hamilton FW, et al. <em>Effect of bilirubin and Gilbert syndrome on health: cohort analysis of observational, genetic, and Mendelian randomisation associations.</em> BMJ Med. 2023;2(1):e000467. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37456363/">PMID: 37456363</a> <a href="#fnref20" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
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-</li>
-<li id="fn29" class="footnote-item"><p>Tang C, et al. <em>The association between bilirubin and hypertension among a Chinese ageing cohort: a prospective follow-up study.</em> J Transl Med. 2022;20(1):108. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35246141/">PMID: 35246141</a> <a href="#fnref29" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
-</li>
-</ol>
-</section>
-]]></content>
- <tags>
- <tag>Medicine</tag>
- </tags>
- </entry>
- <entry>
<title>西柚对药物的影响</title>
<url>/2024/11/15/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9F%9A%E5%AF%B9%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<p>西柚,橙子之类中的呋喃香豆素会抑制肝脏中  CYP3A4 酶的活性,经肝脏代谢的药物,正常是肝脏中的酶在发挥作用,CYP3A4 酶就是其中一种,吃药的同时又吃了西柚相当于无形中增加了药物剂量,曾经有人吃硝苯地平的同时,喝了大概 500mL 的西柚汁,结果血压迅速下降导致了危险。<br>
diff --git a/tags/Medicine/index.html b/tags/Medicine/index.html
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<div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/12/19/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9B%B2%E6%80%81%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0/">
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FDA 仿制药流程
@@ -344,6 +326,26 @@
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+
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+ <span class="post-date">Nov 15, 2024</span>
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diff --git a/tags/Medicine/page/3/index.html b/tags/Medicine/page/3/index.html
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+ 儿童新型冠状病毒Omicron株和肺炎支原体混合感染重症肺炎1例
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+ <span class="post-date">Oct 25, 2023</span>
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diff --git a/tags/Medicine/page/4/index.html b/tags/Medicine/page/4/index.html
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<div class="post-list-item">
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- <a href="/2023/10/25/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92Omicron%E6%A0%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E9%87%8D%E7%97%87%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E1%E4%BE%8B/">
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@@ -344,6 +326,24 @@
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