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-rw-r--r--2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/index.html5
-rw-r--r--2025/10/28/sufactants/index.html297
-rw-r--r--archives/2025/10/index.html18
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diff --git a/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/index.html b/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/index.html
index 38448d13..99cce419 100644
--- a/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/index.html
+++ b/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/index.html
@@ -220,6 +220,11 @@
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diff --git a/2025/10/28/sufactants/index.html b/2025/10/28/sufactants/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78080419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2025/10/28/sufactants/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
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+ 表面活性剂
+
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+ <span class="post-date">
+ Oct 28, 2025
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+ <div class="post-content">
+ <p>表面活性剂(surfactants)是一种两亲性分子,具有亲水基团和疏水基团,能够在水和油脂界面上降低表面张力,从而广泛应用于消毒剂、洗涤剂和药物制剂中。它们对细菌和真菌的杀灭作用主要源于其对微生物细胞膜的破坏,这是一种非特异性物理化学机制,而非针对特定生化途径的靶向攻击。这种作用在临床消毒和感染控制中被广泛利用,尤其在处理皮肤或表面污染时。</p>
+<p>从机制上讲,表面活性剂首先通过吸附到细菌或真菌的细胞膜表面,干扰膜的磷脂双层结构。细菌的细胞膜主要由脂质和蛋白质组成,真菌则有类似但更厚的几丁质细胞壁包裹的细胞膜。表面活性剂的疏水尾部嵌入膜的脂质层,导致膜的通透性增加,形成孔洞或裂隙。这使得细胞内离子(如钾离子)、蛋白质和小分子(如ATP)外泄,破坏细胞的渗透压平衡和代谢功能,最终导致细胞溶解(lysis)或功能瘫痪。对于革兰氏阳性细菌,这种破坏更直接,因为其细胞壁较薄;对革兰氏阴性细菌,则需更高浓度以穿透外膜。对于真菌,表面活性剂同样靶向细胞膜的麦角固醇成分,诱发类似膜破坏,并可能干扰几丁质合成路径,进一步加剧细胞壁的脆弱性。</p>
+<p>尽管有效,这种杀灭作用并非选择性,仅针对膜结构,因此对人类细胞也可能有轻微毒性,如皮肤刺激或黏膜炎症,尤其在高浓度或长期暴露时。风险管理包括稀释使用(如家用消毒剂浓度控制在0.05%以下)和避免直接接触眼睛或开放伤口。</p>
+<p>这里我提到表面活性剂可能对人类细胞产生“轻微毒性”,这里的核心概念“细胞毒性”(cytotoxicity)是一个毒理学和细胞生物学术语,指的是某种化学物质(如表面活性剂)对活细胞的直接有害作用,导致细胞结构或功能的损伤、功能失调,甚至死亡。这种毒性不是针对整个机体的系统性疾病,而是发生在细胞水平的非特异性反应,通常通过体外实验(如 MTT 细胞活力测定或 LDH 释放试验)来量化评估。它强调物质干扰细胞正常生理过程的能力,而非免疫介导的过敏或遗传毒性。</p>
+<p>具体到表面活性剂的机制,细胞毒性主要表现为对细胞膜的破坏:这些两亲性分子可插入细胞膜的磷脂双层,增加膜通透性,导致离子失衡(如钠钾泵功能障碍)、细胞内物质外泄(如酶和ATP),进而引发细胞肿胀、溶解(溶血或坏死)或程序性死亡(凋亡)。在低浓度下,这种作用可能仅限于局部刺激,如上皮细胞的炎症反应(释放细胞因子如 IL-6 或 TNF-α ),表现为皮肤红肿、刺痛或呼吸道黏膜轻微炎症,而非广泛细胞死亡。高浓度或长期暴露时,毒性可扩展到线粒体功能抑制(降低 ATP 产生)或氧化应激( ROS 积累),但家用产品设计时已将浓度控制在安全阈值以下(例如,IC50 值,即半数抑制浓度,通常 &gt;1 mM ),以避免显著细胞活力丧失。</p>
+<p>从临床和毒理学角度,这种细胞毒性在表面活性剂的应用中被视为潜在风险,但多为可逆的:例如,季铵盐类化合物对角膜上皮细胞的体外研究显示,0.01% 浓度下仅引起 10%-20% 的细胞活力降低,主要通过膜去稳定化,而非DNA损伤。国际毒理学指南(如OECD测试方法)将细胞毒性分类为急性(短期暴露导致的即时损伤)和慢性(累积效应),并强调在家居消毒场景中,通过稀释和通风,暴露剂量远低于引起临床症状的水平(例如,皮肤刺激阈值浓度为0.1%-1%)。这与细菌/真菌细胞毒性类似,但人类细胞膜更具修复能力,因此耐受性更高。</p>
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diff --git a/archives/2025/10/index.html b/archives/2025/10/index.html
index 422fc3ef..5b3e8cf4 100644
--- a/archives/2025/10/index.html
+++ b/archives/2025/10/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/10/28/sufactants/">
+
+ 表面活性剂
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+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/">
中性粒细胞连你一起干
diff --git a/archives/2025/index.html b/archives/2025/index.html
index 91165357..e92c5ed4 100644
--- a/archives/2025/index.html
+++ b/archives/2025/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
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@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
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@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
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-
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@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
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+ 二〇二五年三月十七日
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diff --git a/archives/index.html b/archives/index.html
index 6ac3b057..7926e74d 100644
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@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
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@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
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OCaml Core.Int.pow 的实现
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
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- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/08/15/tick-thread%E5%9C%A8Multicore-OCaml%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/">
-
- tick thread在Multicore OCaml中的作用
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Aug 15, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/11/index.html b/archives/page/11/index.html
index 5c5c3214..91b47476 100644
--- a/archives/page/11/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/11/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/08/15/tick-thread%E5%9C%A8Multicore-OCaml%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/">
+
+ tick thread在Multicore OCaml中的作用
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Aug 15, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/08/15/poll-error-attribute-in-OCaml/">
使用 [@poll error] 实现线程安全的数据结构
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/06/10/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二零二三年六月十日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Jun 10, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/12/index.html b/archives/page/12/index.html
index 450d74dd..280fceba 100644
--- a/archives/page/12/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/12/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/06/10/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二零二三年六月十日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Jun 10, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/05/24/Rust-%E9%97%AD%E5%8C%85-lifetime-may-not-live-long-enough-%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/">
Rust 闭包 lifetime may not live long enough 问题
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/03/13/%E6%9B%BF%E7%B1%B3%E6%B2%99%E5%9D%A6/">
-
- 替米沙坦
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 13, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/13/index.html b/archives/page/13/index.html
index a93d110f..ad1e8694 100644
--- a/archives/page/13/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/13/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/03/13/%E6%9B%BF%E7%B1%B3%E6%B2%99%E5%9D%A6/">
+
+ 替米沙坦
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 13, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/03/05/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%96%E9%9F%A6/">
奥司他韦
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/02/01/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二零二三年二月一日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Feb 1, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/14/index.html b/archives/page/14/index.html
index 8ef8f779..f002cf74 100644
--- a/archives/page/14/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/14/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/02/01/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二零二三年二月一日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Feb 1, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/01/21/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5/">
二零二三年一月二十一日
@@ -329,24 +347,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2021/03/15/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二零二一年三月十五日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 15, 2021</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/15/index.html b/archives/page/15/index.html
index 20e11dba..71205d1f 100644
--- a/archives/page/15/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/15/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2021/03/15/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二零二一年三月十五日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 15, 2021</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2021/02/16/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E6%97%A5/">
二零二一年二月十六日
diff --git a/archives/page/2/index.html b/archives/page/2/index.html
index eeff4e8f..d73de15a 100644
--- a/archives/page/2/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/2/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/07/11/fuck-hcho/">
+
+ 由甲醛开始的碎碎念
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Jul 11, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/07/11/rep-date/">
除权除息日,股价调整与分红
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/04/20/linux-amd-screen-boom/">
-
- Linux 下 AMD 显卡屏幕画面闪烁问题修复方案
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Apr 20, 2025</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/3/index.html b/archives/page/3/index.html
index 8364ac74..56596b27 100644
--- a/archives/page/3/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/3/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/04/20/linux-amd-screen-boom/">
+
+ Linux 下 AMD 显卡屏幕画面闪烁问题修复方案
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Apr 20, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/04/13/uuidv7-rdbms/">
UUID v7 是如何加快 RDBMS 索引速度的
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2025/03/17/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/">
-
- 二〇二五年三月十七日
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 17, 2025</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/4/index.html b/archives/page/4/index.html
index 63963dcf..0873d776 100644
--- a/archives/page/4/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/4/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/03/17/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5/">
+
+ 二〇二五年三月十七日
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Mar 17, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/03/14/DDD-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-Ubiquitous-Languages/">
DDD 中的 Ubiquitous Language
@@ -327,24 +345,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/12/15/OCaml-News-2024-7/">
-
- OCaml News 2024-7
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Dec 15, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/5/index.html b/archives/page/5/index.html
index 489ada9f..02d83a38 100644
--- a/archives/page/5/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/5/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/12/15/OCaml-News-2024-7/">
+
+ OCaml News 2024-7
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Dec 15, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/11/26/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C/">
如何管理用户界面中的危险操作
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/09/15/Advanced-C-binding-using-ocaml-ctypes-and-dune/">
-
- Advanced C binding using ocaml-ctypes and dune
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Sep 15, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/6/index.html b/archives/page/6/index.html
index ca982271..b4274460 100644
--- a/archives/page/6/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/6/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/09/15/Advanced-C-binding-using-ocaml-ctypes-and-dune/">
+
+ Advanced C binding using ocaml-ctypes and dune
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Sep 15, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/09/12/Functional-Reactive-Programming-in-F/">
Functional Reactive Programming in F#
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/07/09/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9/">
-
- 内护神经系统重点考点
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Jul 9, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/7/index.html b/archives/page/7/index.html
index f01de00c..2ba7e0dc 100644
--- a/archives/page/7/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/7/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/07/09/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9/">
+
+ 内护神经系统重点考点
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Jul 9, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/07/01/OCaml-News-2024-4/">
OCaml News 2024-4
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/04/03/shadow-cljs-proxy/">
-
- shadow-cljs 怎么设置代理
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Apr 3, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/8/index.html b/archives/page/8/index.html
index 78b97a07..33c1d00e 100644
--- a/archives/page/8/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/8/index.html
@@ -170,6 +170,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/04/03/shadow-cljs-proxy/">
+
+ shadow-cljs 怎么设置代理
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Apr 3, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/03/22/%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%87%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5/">
二〇二四年三月二十二日
@@ -325,24 +343,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2024/01/08/OCaml-News-2024-1/">
-
- OCaml News 2024-1
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Jan 8, 2024</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/archives/page/9/index.html b/archives/page/9/index.html
index 95dffe68..f72f6935 100644
--- a/archives/page/9/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/9/index.html
@@ -165,6 +165,26 @@
+ <div class="year-title">2024</div>
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/01/08/OCaml-News-2024-1/">
+
+ OCaml News 2024-1
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Jan 8, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
<div class="year-title">2023</div>
@@ -325,24 +345,6 @@
</div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/10/22/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD%E8%BE%A8%E5%88%AB%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/">
-
- 冬季咳嗽辨别指南
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Oct 22, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
diff --git a/page/3/index.html b/page/3/index.html
index 5d7ecd70..bf2e33ac 100644
--- a/page/3/index.html
+++ b/page/3/index.html
@@ -65,119 +65,7 @@
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- direction: ltr;
-}
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-mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg {
- overflow: visible;
-}
-
-mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"] {
- display: block;
- text-align: center;
- margin: 1em 0;
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-
-mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="left"] {
- text-align: left;
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-mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="right"] {
- text-align: right;
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- stroke: none;
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- left: 0;
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- padding: .2em;
- border: 1px solid #888;
- font-size: 70%;
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- color: black;
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- min-width: 25%;
- padding: .2em .4em;
- border: 1px solid #888;
- font-size: 90%;
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- color: black;
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-mjx-container[display="true"] {
- overflow: auto hidden;
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-mjx-container[display="true"] + br {
- display: none;
-}
-</style></head>
+ <meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head>
<body>
<div class="mask-border">
</div>
diff --git a/page/4/index.html b/page/4/index.html
index bf2e33ac..5d7ecd70 100644
--- a/page/4/index.html
+++ b/page/4/index.html
@@ -65,7 +65,119 @@
- <meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head>
+ <meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"><style>mjx-container[jax="SVG"] {
+ direction: ltr;
+}
+
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diff --git a/search.xml b/search.xml
index 4739ceb2..e3419ef6 100644
--- a/search.xml
+++ b/search.xml
@@ -3257,6 +3257,21 @@ NestJS 依赖其底层 HTTP 适配器(默认为 Express)来解析传入的�
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
+ <title>表面活性剂</title>
+ <url>/2025/10/28/sufactants/</url>
+ <content><![CDATA[<p>表面活性剂(surfactants)是一种两亲性分子,具有亲水基团和疏水基团,能够在水和油脂界面上降低表面张力,从而广泛应用于消毒剂、洗涤剂和药物制剂中。它们对细菌和真菌的杀灭作用主要源于其对微生物细胞膜的破坏,这是一种非特异性物理化学机制,而非针对特定生化途径的靶向攻击。这种作用在临床消毒和感染控制中被广泛利用,尤其在处理皮肤或表面污染时。</p>
+<p>从机制上讲,表面活性剂首先通过吸附到细菌或真菌的细胞膜表面,干扰膜的磷脂双层结构。细菌的细胞膜主要由脂质和蛋白质组成,真菌则有类似但更厚的几丁质细胞壁包裹的细胞膜。表面活性剂的疏水尾部嵌入膜的脂质层,导致膜的通透性增加,形成孔洞或裂隙。这使得细胞内离子(如钾离子)、蛋白质和小分子(如ATP)外泄,破坏细胞的渗透压平衡和代谢功能,最终导致细胞溶解(lysis)或功能瘫痪。对于革兰氏阳性细菌,这种破坏更直接,因为其细胞壁较薄;对革兰氏阴性细菌,则需更高浓度以穿透外膜。对于真菌,表面活性剂同样靶向细胞膜的麦角固醇成分,诱发类似膜破坏,并可能干扰几丁质合成路径,进一步加剧细胞壁的脆弱性。</p>
+<p>尽管有效,这种杀灭作用并非选择性,仅针对膜结构,因此对人类细胞也可能有轻微毒性,如皮肤刺激或黏膜炎症,尤其在高浓度或长期暴露时。风险管理包括稀释使用(如家用消毒剂浓度控制在0.05%以下)和避免直接接触眼睛或开放伤口。</p>
+<p>这里我提到表面活性剂可能对人类细胞产生“轻微毒性”,这里的核心概念“细胞毒性”(cytotoxicity)是一个毒理学和细胞生物学术语,指的是某种化学物质(如表面活性剂)对活细胞的直接有害作用,导致细胞结构或功能的损伤、功能失调,甚至死亡。这种毒性不是针对整个机体的系统性疾病,而是发生在细胞水平的非特异性反应,通常通过体外实验(如 MTT 细胞活力测定或 LDH 释放试验)来量化评估。它强调物质干扰细胞正常生理过程的能力,而非免疫介导的过敏或遗传毒性。</p>
+<p>具体到表面活性剂的机制,细胞毒性主要表现为对细胞膜的破坏:这些两亲性分子可插入细胞膜的磷脂双层,增加膜通透性,导致离子失衡(如钠钾泵功能障碍)、细胞内物质外泄(如酶和ATP),进而引发细胞肿胀、溶解(溶血或坏死)或程序性死亡(凋亡)。在低浓度下,这种作用可能仅限于局部刺激,如上皮细胞的炎症反应(释放细胞因子如 IL-6 或 TNF-α ),表现为皮肤红肿、刺痛或呼吸道黏膜轻微炎症,而非广泛细胞死亡。高浓度或长期暴露时,毒性可扩展到线粒体功能抑制(降低 ATP 产生)或氧化应激( ROS 积累),但家用产品设计时已将浓度控制在安全阈值以下(例如,IC50 值,即半数抑制浓度,通常 &gt;1 mM ),以避免显著细胞活力丧失。</p>
+<p>从临床和毒理学角度,这种细胞毒性在表面活性剂的应用中被视为潜在风险,但多为可逆的:例如,季铵盐类化合物对角膜上皮细胞的体外研究显示,0.01% 浓度下仅引起 10%-20% 的细胞活力降低,主要通过膜去稳定化,而非DNA损伤。国际毒理学指南(如OECD测试方法)将细胞毒性分类为急性(短期暴露导致的即时损伤)和慢性(累积效应),并强调在家居消毒场景中,通过稀释和通风,暴露剂量远低于引起临床症状的水平(例如,皮肤刺激阈值浓度为0.1%-1%)。这与细菌/真菌细胞毒性类似,但人类细胞膜更具修复能力,因此耐受性更高。</p>
+]]></content>
+ <tags>
+ <tag>Medicine</tag>
+ <tag>Life</tag>
+ </tags>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
<title>使用 Runed intersection observer 与 tanstack query 实现通用的惰性加载组件</title>
<url>/2025/07/31/svelte-lazyquery/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<p>在前端,一个常见的性能瓶颈是初始加载时请求了用户当前 viewpoint 之外的非必要数据。惰性加载(Lazy Loading)是一种关键策略,它将数据获取推迟到组件进入 viewpoint 时才执行。本文将阐述如何结合使用 Svelte 5、<code>@tanstack/svelte-query</code> 和 <code>runed.dev</code> 的 <code>useIntersectionObserver</code>,构建一个通用的、可复用的惰性加载组件。</p>
@@ -4355,6 +4370,20 @@ NestJS 依赖其底层 HTTP 适配器(默认为 Express)来解析传入的�
</categories>
</entry>
<entry>
+ <title>儿童新型冠状病毒Omicron株和肺炎支原体混合感染重症肺炎1例</title>
+ <url>/2023/10/25/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92Omicron%E6%A0%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E9%87%8D%E7%97%87%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E1%E4%BE%8B/</url>
+ <content><![CDATA[<p>患儿 男, 3 岁 10 月龄,因“间歇发热 2 周伴咳嗽、气促”入上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院(南部院区)定点医院隔离病房。<br>
+患儿病初发热,确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎),热退 2d 再次持续高热&gt;3d 伴气促、吸气性凹陷,胸部 CT 示右肺下叶片状密度影,诊断“重型新冠肺炎”,行支气管镜肺泡灌洗,宏基因组病原检测确诊为混合肺炎支原体感染,治疗好转出院。<br>
+提示临床医生诊治重型新冠肺炎时需警惕混合感染</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="../papers/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92Omicron%E6%A0%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E9%87%8D%E7%97%87%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E1%E4%BE%8B.pdf">报告原档</a></li>
+</ul>
+]]></content>
+ <tags>
+ <tag>Medicine</tag>
+ </tags>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
<title>从事件风暴看领域驱动设计</title>
<url>/2025/02/11/%E4%BB%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E7%9C%8B%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<p>事件风暴(Event Storming)是一种领域驱动设计(DDD)的实践方法,由 Alberto Brandolini 提出,旨在通过团队协作的方式快速理解和建模业务领域。</p>
@@ -4394,20 +4423,6 @@ NestJS 依赖其底层 HTTP 适配器(默认为 Express)来解析传入的�
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
- <title>儿童新型冠状病毒Omicron株和肺炎支原体混合感染重症肺炎1例</title>
- <url>/2023/10/25/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92Omicron%E6%A0%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E9%87%8D%E7%97%87%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E1%E4%BE%8B/</url>
- <content><![CDATA[<p>患儿 男, 3 岁 10 月龄,因“间歇发热 2 周伴咳嗽、气促”入上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院(南部院区)定点医院隔离病房。<br>
-患儿病初发热,确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎),热退 2d 再次持续高热&gt;3d 伴气促、吸气性凹陷,胸部 CT 示右肺下叶片状密度影,诊断“重型新冠肺炎”,行支气管镜肺泡灌洗,宏基因组病原检测确诊为混合肺炎支原体感染,治疗好转出院。<br>
-提示临床医生诊治重型新冠肺炎时需警惕混合感染</p>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="../papers/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92Omicron%E6%A0%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E9%87%8D%E7%97%87%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E1%E4%BE%8B.pdf">报告原档</a></li>
-</ul>
-]]></content>
- <tags>
- <tag>Medicine</tag>
- </tags>
- </entry>
- <entry>
<title>冬季咳嗽辨别指南</title>
<url>/2023/10/22/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD%E8%BE%A8%E5%88%AB%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<p>这里给出一些在冬季,临床上简单诊断咳嗽的例子,仅供参考, 无论结果如何, 立刻就医.</p>
diff --git a/tags/Life/index.html b/tags/Life/index.html
index 7eda1e79..7ad50799 100644
--- a/tags/Life/index.html
+++ b/tags/Life/index.html
@@ -177,6 +177,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/10/28/sufactants/">
+
+ 表面活性剂
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Oct 28, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/10/19/%E6%9E%81%E7%AE%80%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%B4%A8/">
极简主义生活的本质
@@ -334,24 +352,6 @@
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- <div class="post-title">
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-
- 直系血亲之间不能直接输血
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- <span class="post-date">Aug 12, 2024</span>
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index 6c61fac3..fe1c0512 100644
--- a/tags/Life/page/2/index.html
+++ b/tags/Life/page/2/index.html
@@ -172,6 +172,26 @@
+ <div class="year-title">2024</div>
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/08/12/%E7%9B%B4%E7%B3%BB%E8%A1%80%E4%BA%B2%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%BE%93%E8%A1%80/">
+
+ 直系血亲之间不能直接输血
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Aug 12, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
<div class="year-title">2023</div>
diff --git a/tags/Medicine/index.html b/tags/Medicine/index.html
index 063f14a0..1792a0f7 100644
--- a/tags/Medicine/index.html
+++ b/tags/Medicine/index.html
@@ -177,6 +177,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2025/10/28/sufactants/">
+
+ 表面活性剂
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Oct 28, 2025</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2025/10/24/Neutrophils-are-a-double-edged-sword/">
中性粒细胞连你一起干
@@ -334,30 +352,12 @@
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-
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- <div class="post-title">
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-
- 直系血亲之间不能直接输血
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+++ b/tags/Medicine/page/2/index.html
@@ -177,6 +177,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2024/08/12/%E7%9B%B4%E7%B3%BB%E8%A1%80%E4%BA%B2%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%BE%93%E8%A1%80/">
+
+ 直系血亲之间不能直接输血
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Aug 12, 2024</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2024/07/09/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9/">
内护神经系统重点考点
@@ -334,30 +352,12 @@
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-
-
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- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
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-
- 冬季咳嗽辨别指南
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Oct 22, 2023</span>
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- <a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/">1</a><span class="page-number current">2</span><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/page/3/">3</a>
+ <a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/">1</a><span class="page-number current">2</span><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/page/3/">3</a><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/page/4/">4</a>
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@@ -177,6 +177,24 @@
<div class="post-list-item">
<div class="post-title">
+ <a href="/2023/10/22/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD%E8%BE%A8%E5%88%AB%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/">
+
+ 冬季咳嗽辨别指南
+
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="post-date">Oct 22, 2023</span>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="post-list-item">
+ <div class="post-title">
<a href="/2023/10/13/%E8%82%9D%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E5%8C%96%E9%AA%8C%E5%8D%95/">
肝功能检查化验单阅读指南
@@ -332,30 +350,12 @@
</div>
-
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-
-
-
- <div class="post-list-item">
- <div class="post-title">
- <a href="/2023/03/01/%E6%B0%94%E8%83%B8/">
-
- 气胸
-
- </a>
- </div>
-
- <span class="post-date">Mar 1, 2023</span>
- </div>
-
-
<div id="paginator">
<div class=paginator>
<div class="h-line-primary"></div>
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- <a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/">1</a><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/page/2/">2</a><span class="page-number current">3</span>
+ <a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/">1</a><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/page/2/">2</a><span class="page-number current">3</span><a class="page-number" href="/tags/Medicine/page/4/">4</a>
</nav>
</div>
diff --git a/tags/Medicine/page/4/index.html b/tags/Medicine/page/4/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a25a54f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tags/Medicine/page/4/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+ <head>
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
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+ <title>
+
+ Tag: Medicine |
+ 暮秋小屋
+ </title>
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+ src="/js/menu.js"></script>
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