path: root/2023/10/22/冬季咳嗽辨别指南/index.html

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                冬季咳嗽辨别指南
            
            
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            Oct 22, 2023
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    <p>这里给出一些在冬季，临床上简单诊断咳嗽的例子，仅供参考, 无论结果如何, 立刻就医.</p>
<p>这里简单分成有痰和无痰（或痰少）两类, 然后分别以时间段细分:</p>
<ul>
<li>有痰<ul>
<li>夜间咳:<ul>
<li>刚睡着就咳嗽,坐起来会好点: 可能是鼻涕倒流刺激咽喉, 也可能是上呼吸道感染, 比如过敏性或非过敏性鼻炎, 急慢性鼻窦炎</li>
<li>凌晨四五点咳醒:<ul>
<li>长期如此: 考虑哮喘发作</li>
<li>短期如此: 考虑支气管炎</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>睡到一半胸闷气短, 咳嗽甚至咳出带血丝的痰: 考虑心脏病</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>每天不定时咳嗽： 这种情况在临床上一般是烟抽多了， 也有可能是慢性肺阻塞， 慢性支气管炎， 支气管扩张， 肺气肿引起的<ul>
<li>带血，呼吸困难，体重下降：考虑肺结核或肺癌</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>无特定时间咳嗽：<ul>
<li>伴有鼻子难受， 浑身乏力等： 考虑过敏， 环境过敏，（比如像新装修的屋子里的甲醛）或者药物过敏（比如降压药）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>无痰（或痰少）<ul>
<li>白天咳: 常见于急慢性咽喉炎(一开口说话就想咳嗽, 不说话或睡大觉的时候不想咳)</li>
<li>夜间咳<ul>
<li>睡着睡着突然猛咳, 还有胸闷胀气, 口干口苦, 声音嘶哑, 心灼热之类的症状: 一般是胃食管反流导致的</li>
<li>睡眠中咳嗽不止,像被呛到一样, 睡得浅梦还多: 考虑上呼吸道阻塞症候群, 可能与睡眠暂停呼吸症有关</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>每天不定时咳嗽：<ul>
<li>小孩和老人首先判断是否误吸异物</li>
<li>否则可能是咽喉神经过度敏感</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>无特定时间咳嗽： <ul>
<li>可能由于某些心理问题， 紧张焦虑之类的</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>接下来是一些参考的, 以食疗为主的方子, 注意, 不要随便吃药, 无论如何遵医嘱, 考虑自己身体情况, 过敏原.</p>
<ol>
<li>咳嗽多痰可以以芦根为主, 竹茹入肺, 胃两经, 可以清肺化痰<ul>
<li>新鲜芦根100克,竹茹15克,芦根切碎和竹茹一起放水里煎一会儿,然后用汁水煮粥喝</li>
<li>配合甘草也可以平喘止咳,但注意,脾胃虚寒的话不可用: 芦根50克, 甘草5克, 加1L水煮沸十分钟,去掉渣渣喝100毫升, 喝多了也不太好.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>当然还有常见的冰糖雪梨啦, 经典的润肺止咳:<ul>
<li>买个漂亮的大梨, 顶上削一块, 挖空里面, 把挖出来的果肉切块重新放进去, 再加入川贝母粉, 冰糖, 陈皮, 大火煮沸之后立刻转小火蒸三刻钟</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>百合银耳, 这个不用多说了叭, 银耳莲子羹? 百合大枣粥?</li>
</ol>

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